Fast food persuasive essay Essay

Imagine a world full of fast food restaurants. No more needs for salad, just hamburgers and fries. We aren’t at this point but we are going there with the fact that the amount of fast food restaurants went up with 300% the past few years. The amount of obese children has gone up, unlike their life span which is going down with every visit to the McDonald’s or the Burger King. Kids aren’t realizing what they are eating, and what they should be eating. I don’t blame them, with the amount of advertisements and restaurants, it’s hard to resist. One of the main reasons this is happening is because kids & teens don’t know what they are eating. As they put that burger to there mouth they tell themselves;† There’s tomato and lettuce in here, it’s not that bad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . They are missing the trans fat filled sauces and the oil fried hamburger. These kinds of foods have no vitamins and lack of nutrition. We don’t know the science behind these foods, what they put in them or how they make them. There’s been a tremendous amount of controversy over McDonald’s burgers since celebrity chef Jamie Oliver demonstrated how meat scraps and sinew are spun in a centrifuge and â€Å"washed† with ammonium hydroxide, which has also become known as † HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.care2.com/greenliving/pink-slime-now-just-an-option-for-schools.html† â€Å"_blank† Pink Slime.â€Å" This chemical is used in fertilizers and cleaning products. According to Oliver it is used in 70 percentages of ground beef in the United States but does not require inclusion on ingredient lists because the US Department of Agriculture classifies it as a â€Å"process† not an â€Å"ingredient† even though residues of this process are left behind in the meat consumed. He says, †Basically, we‘re taking a product that would be sold in the cheapest way for dogs, and after this process, is being given to human beings.† Thanks to the amount of fa st food restaurants there has bin a growth of fast food consumers has gone up with larger numbers than ever before. More restaurants are selling and more people are buying. This year, there were 160,0000 fast food restaurants counted in America. This is 10,0000 more than last year.

User Manual Critique

I used the following criteria to critique this manual, audience recognition, components of instructions, safety instructions, instructional steps and anally graphics and videos. The first criteria I used is audience recognition. This manual is written for landscape professionals who have some experience using this type of machinery in the past. The terminology that is used throughout the manual suggests that the user knows what the overall operation of the machine is for.This is a good idea because if the machine Is not used properly it could have the potential to be dangerous, causing injury or even death. This Is also a problem because If someone is not familiar with the machine and attempts to use It the manual could confuse them, and they may to assemble the machine correctly, and not follow all the safety warnings that are In the manual. This could also be a dangerous situation since the chemicals that are used in conjunction with the machine could be hazardous.The second criter ia I chose is the components and instructions of the manual. The first page shows a general overview of the sprayer with pictures of specific parts of the machine. One problem with the main page is that it said that there was a search option but I never found that option in any part of the manual. The introduction page gives a brief overview of the manual and points out potential hazards associated with the machine and identifies signal words throughout the manual such as danger, warning, caution and important and their context in the manual.It Is laid out with a table of contents and each header in the table has sub- headings that are all hyperlinked to the correct page of the manual and navigation Is fairly easy throughout the sections. The table of contents Is also presented In a logical order, starting with the introduction all the way through setting up and operating the machine, and finally ending with warranty and contact information. The third criteria I chose is safety inst ructions. This piece of machinery deals with the spraying of chemicals and therefore if not used properly can cause harm to the user or people around the area.The safety section of the manual goes over all the precautions that need to be followed when dealing with chemicals, such as wearing the proper safety gear when using the machine. Each sub-section has clearly laid out the steps required to prepare, use, and maintain the sprayer in a safe manner. One thing I noticed Is there are no links to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) website which could have even more detailed safety Information for the use of chemicals. The fourth criteria I chose was Instructional steps.The manual has detailed instructions on how to setup the sprayer for use. It goes through step-by-step and sprayer. Each section has written instructions as well as pictures and videos on the installation and use of the sprayer. It goes through starting up the sprayer and how to drive it, and shut ting it down. It is a very complicated machine to use, and the writer did a good Job of trying to instruct the user on how to use it. There are some minor issues I noticed with the instructions however.The manual can be over- complicated sometimes and may lose the reader. The is a wealth of information and could have been condensed down and incorporated into smaller groups of information. Without a working search function, the reader has to go through multiple areas to find what they are looking for. The final criteria I chose is the manuals incorporation of graphics and videos. The Ritter did a great Job of having photos of each part of the machine that was being described in that section, and also includes a good amount of videos as well.The thumbnails can be clicked on and a larger image comes up, but they are still a little on the smaller side so it can be difficult on some pictures to see all the components being described. There are illustrations that when clicked on, show a d emo of what the task is, which can be very helpful to the user. The videos are useful for describing what needs to be done, and the narrator speaks in a clear tone that is easy to understand.The main issue with the videos however is they are not high quality so when they are made full screen the image is not clear and can be difficult to follow. If they had used higher resolution video they would have been that much more helpful. Overall the writer did a great Job when creating this manual and the user should not have many problems following it, as long as they are familiar with the equipment to begin with. A novice user will need more help using the machine then the manual gives, but when buying such a machine, they should be competent with using this type of sprayer.

Management Team Essay

Many scholars believe that â€Å"there is a strong connection between the growth potential of a venture and the quality of its management team†, (Timmons and Spinelli, 2009). Describe what is meant by â€Å"management team† philosophy and attitude of entrepreneurial ventures that will eventually contribute to business venture growth? From Collins dictionaries the management team is defined as â€Å"a team of managers in charge of direction a company, business, etc. Wikipedia define the management team as â€Å"senior management, executive management, or management team is generally a team of individuals at the highest level of organizational†. For general definition, management team is a set of peoples that come from various function or responsibility that responsible to manage the organization. â€Å"there is a strong connection between the growth potential of a venture and the quality of its management team†, (Timmons and Spinelli, 2009). To relate this statement, I had found some statement from (Krishnan et al. 1997, p. 363). Differences between the top management teams on important dimensions such as backgrounds of managers has more potential to create unique value because it makes the combined organization stronger by offsetting weaknesses in both firms, thereby creating or maintaining a competitive advantage I also refer to www. jeffcobizjournal. com that mentioned about â€Å"a bad manager will make bad decisions, will hurt the morale of the employees and your relationship with customers, you can’t afford to keep them around†. This situation can give impact the organization directly, so it is really importance to have good quality of management team in order to ensure growth potential to organization business. This idea clearly directed the right people for the right jobs its crucial during the selecting the management team in the organization. Cited from the Marriott management philosophy â€Å"’A business succeeds not because it is long established or because it is big, but because there are men and women in it who live it, sleep it, dream it, and build great future plans for it. † Robinson Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella (2009: 3) wrote, â€Å"The small group of people at the top of an organization can dramatically affect organizational outcomes. Becker (1964), training and wages for experiences and skilled managers can be seen as a firm’s investment in human capital, expecting to benefit from higher productivity and added economic value. From this statement we can relate the bad impact of the small group of people to it is because of the individual factor also. Research shows that effective communication in a team is a critical factor determining team performance (Hitt, et al. 2006). Robinson et al. found that an entrepreneurial attitude orientation scale significantly differentiated between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is mentioned that: attitude towards entrepreneurship is a function of the demographic and psychological characteristics and their interaction. Baum, Locke and Smith (2001) reported significant correlations between self-efficacy and venture growth, Douglas and Shepherd (2005) define entrepreneurial capital as the composite of the individual’s entrepreneurial attitudes and abilities. Entrepreneurial attitudes are those toward autonomy, risk, work, income and (other net) perquisites, while entrepreneurial abilities include opportunity recognition, viability screening, and creative problem solving skills. Hofer and Sandberg (Summer 1987), stated there are three factors have a substantial impact on a new venture’s performance. In order of importance, these factors affecting new venture success are (1) the structure of the industry entered, (2) the new venture’s business strategy, and (3) behavioral characteristics of the entrepreneur. My focus will be on the behavioral characteristics of entrepreneur. Sources from K. Axelton, â€Å"Fever Pitch,† Entrepreneur (December 2004), p. 74; N. L. Torres, â€Å"Think Outside the Box,† Entrepreneur (February 2004), pp. 108–111; A. Pennington, â€Å"Una Cassidy,† Entrepreneur (November 2003), p. 24 found four entrepreneurial characteristics are key to a new venture’s success. Successful entrepreneurs have: 1) the ability to identify potential venture opportunities better than most people. 2) a sense of urgency that makes them action oriented, 3) switch the niche, 4) borrow a business model.

Read the attach and do writing part and i will do a video Essay

Read the attach and do writing part and i will do a video - Essay Example The second is the use of inciting incident that leads the audience to the midpoint. However, the midpoint must ensure that characters reaffirm their roles in the video. Finalization of the script entails climax and resolutions (Long 202). A shot list refers to a log of shots that are included in the video. Shot lists are vital in giving the video not only efficiency but also direction. Shot lists will be instrumental in considering shooting footage that might fail to conform to the story order. However, shot lists provide a clear guideline or format of a script (Long 203). Copyright information restricts any form of unauthorized duplication or use of the video. The copyright law controls the use of videos in the following three ways. First, it is circulation where any individual who lawfully acquires a copy of the video can distribute it by reselling. The second section of the copyright law is clips where the use of the video can only be for criticisms, news reporting or research purposes. However, the use in education must be for non-profit purposes. The last section is in terms of classroom use where the Copyright law does not term screening of the video as a form of infringing or violation of the copyright

Homework in labor economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework in labor economics - Assignment Example (4c). at equilibrium price of $ 6 the amount of employment is 16. Suppose the government set a minimum price at 7, more workers will be induced to look for jobs. This will increase labour supply at the same time reducing demand for labour Setting a minimum wage in a two sector economy has a spillover effect in the two economy. For example a model where one sector is more productive than the other, setting a minimum wage in the unproductive sector to reduce the wage gap causes a negative spillover effect on the productive sector. As much as job creation in the unproductive sector is ambiguous, job creation in the productive sector unambiguously decreases. This is because a minimum wage increases the outside option of unemployed workers contributing to wage determination in the productive sector. (c) An increases payroll tax will mostly burden the workers. This burden can however be transferred to the firms through tax shifting. This way employing firm can help the employee carry the burden of the increased payroll tax As seen from the graph, if the worker evaluation of the compensation is less than the cost of providing it, the amount of labor supply will reduce in the market. This is represented by a downward shift in supply curve resulting into an increase in wages and decrease in

Batek of Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Batek of Malaysia - Research Paper Example Each of the groups has their own way of living, their own culture to follow, their own language and even unique modes of sustenance. But, as the urban development spreads its roots, the advancements in technologies and science have pushed the boundaries of these unique life styles and have merged most of the culture together, desperately done by the original people in order to sustain these tremors of modern life. Yet, the Bateks are still an exception to all these changing scenarios. They have gripped onto their culture and tradition and have sustained their living through their own traditional ways. The thesis, thus taken up here focuses on exploring the culture of Batek, identifying the unique characteristics of this tribal group of people and to divulge more about their way of living and sustenance. A background According to census taken in the year 1995, there are approximately 700 to 800 people of Batek, who are currently living. With the emergence of urbanization, the numbers may have been reduced more. During the years of 1970, the Bateks lived in the Malaysian states called as Kelantan and Pahang. Their physical appearance is similar to those tribes of Africa and hence former European researchers came to a conclusion that they are remnants of those African tribes. Their tribe name came from the Austronesian speakers who settled in those regions. Their basic language for communication is the Mon-Khmer language. Primary mode of sustenance The Bateks have their connections with the Hoabinhians, from 8000 BC. The Hoabinhians are basically foragers and hence foraging as a means of existence became one of the primary mode of subsistence for the Bateks. As years progressed, horticulture came into picture during 2000 BC. Later, the Batek started to trade with outsiders and it remained as one of important business aspect of the Bateks during the period between 6th and 13th centuries. Slavery crept into the tribe when Malays started invading the Bateks. With the government intervening, the Bateks were freed from slavery in 1920 and came under the direct supervision of them in 1954. (Endicott 1978) With the population dwindling and with the urban growth expediting at a rapid pace, the Bateks settled in the valleys and at the groundside of hills because, higher the altitude, difficult it becomes to forage. Irrespective of the fact that the Bateks have explored several numbers of options to gather food, foraging remains to be their primary and best option. The reason for such a trend is due to two reasons. Firstly, the advantages of foraging allowed them to gain access to food wherever they went as there was no permanent place of living for the Bateks. The second reason, actually being the source of the first reason, is that, foraging allowed them to maintain their life as well as integrity even in the most precarious situations they had faced during the time of immigration of the Malay people - when they started restricting the boundaries of the Bateks. Slavery and intrusion endangered the lives of the Bateks and always kept them on the move, thus denying them of harboring any notions of existence except foraging. (Endicott 1978) Impact on Social and Political Organization Although life among the Bateks is a closely knit one, individual, nuclear families form the basic building blocks of the entire

Developmental Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Developmental Psychology - Essay Example In the developmental Psychology, there are the tendencies to make assessments on the differences between the young and the grown human being in terms of experience, knowledge and thinking, and many aspects that treat the said issue. They said Cognitive development is the growth of skills used by infants and children to understand and interact with the world around them. (Cognitive and Social Development of Children's with HoloProsencephaly). On this note, the children's' since early childhood would be thought about many things based on their ability to understand. For example seeing image and able to remember it at any moment. Additionally, when the child continues to grow would also know the uses and value and the ill effect of any object shows to them. For example, a child would know what the uses of a lamp; while at the same time would be thought that it is very dangerous for him or her to put hands on the open flame of a lamp. Children start learning about sounds when they are still in the womb. Over the first year, this attention towards sounds and particularly voices develops into an understanding of specific words and phrases. We can assess children's understanding of language by looking at 2 their reactions to familiar words and their ability to follow instructions. The ability to understand language begins well before children begin to speak their first words... Children start learning about sounds when they are still in the womb. Over the first year, this attention towards sounds and particularly voices develops into an understanding of specific words and phrases. We can assess children's understanding of language by looking at 2 their reactions to familiar words and their ability to follow instructions. The ability to understand language begins well before children begin to speak their first words. We can also listen to what children are saying. Most children start to produce language-like babbling towards the end of the first year before they actually start speaking words. (Cognitive and Social Development of Children's with HoloProsencephaly) Developmental psychology also helps to dictate the differences that relates to child development. Example of this is that, its give an insight and background of children's with different intellectual capacities. Why some children show delayed or slower growth in intellectual abilities compared with their age peers, and why some adults remain cognitively fit into old age and others show cognitive decline. (Developmental Psychology -Concepts of Change and Development) THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT It is through the Developmental psychology that the theory of cognitive development derived, which deals with children's mental capabilities. These include how child can solve problem, memory and language. But the key factor on this aspect is the language acquisition and development of perfectual and motor skills. Piaget is one of the most influential psychologists that shed lights on development of cognitive skills. His theory states that: development proceeds through a set of stages from infancy to adulthood and that there is an end point or goal. Other

BOGART - A CASE IN POINT Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BOGART - A IN POINT - Case Study Example When their scheme was identified the men had managed to leave the premises with sensitive and basic information involving the B.I.D. program. The fiasco ultimately cost the company, approximately, 1,000,000 dollars to recover, repair, and pay the necessary technicians to fix the damages and eliminate the self destruct â€Å"booby-traps† they had set. These costs amounted to, nearly, twice as much as it cost to initially implement and finance the new software's development. There are a number of aspects to the case study here one can criticize Bogart’s approaches and practices in relation to this topic. However, there are 10 specific changes that would have helped the Bogart Company to prevent and proactively deal with the issues created by the developers. These ten suggestions explain where the Bogart Company went wrong and changes that they could implement that might have prevented problems. These implementations could, also, aid them in deterrence of such issues in th e future. 1. Know Your Staff: These gentlemen were newly hired and immediately handed an immensely important task; it might have been wiser not to put so much faith and responsibility in someone whose company loyalties cannot be known. 2. Never Let Employees Work on Sensitive Projects at Home: These new hired developers should never have been allowed to work from home. Outside the workplace environment there is no way for supervisors, managers, or other staff to have access to the work that these employees are doing. 3. Management Need to be involved in Sensitive Projects: The development of team involved only these two men involved two others. With such a small team working on something so intrinsically important to the future of the business, there should be a level of involvement form supervisory and management staff. They should have been more heavily present. This, alone, could have had a huge effect on the behaviors of employees. 4. Trademark and Protect Interests from the Sta rt: Once the unique elements of their system had been determined, they should have immediately trademarked and guaranteed their rights, earlier on, preceding the copyright efforts of the dishonest employees. 5. Regular In-depth Reviews of the Work: The designers were able to encrypt the system with booby-traps that could completely compromise and shutdown the system. It more people had been involved or aware of the process then these employees may not have had the â€Å"free reign† that allowed them to do as they did. Stronger interactive behaviors from supervisors are essential. 6. Make Sure Staff Feels Importance and Loyalty to the Company: Be sure to install a sense of importance and relevance to staff contributions, in this way, your staff can be your eyes, ears, and guardians of the company’s ethics and standards. In this case, it was the honesty and keen eye of another employee that identified the designers hidden trademark logo. Had that employee, in the case st udy, not identified that trademark the outcome in this case might be a great deal different (Mayhew, 2013). 7. Implement Strict Policy from the Start: The Company used the signing of stricter security policies as a ploy to

To develop a policy to address an issue identified in a practice Research Paper

To develop a policy to address an issue identified in a practice setting in nursing - Research Paper Example This is achievable through the establishment of an effective bedside policy that promotes effective hand off in the health care setting. Reporting in this case refers to the transfer of accountability, responsibility, and authority of a patient and their care from one caregiver to another. Bedside reporting, on the other hand, refers to a concept that involves providing a report to the incoming caregiver in the presence of a patient. This report provides a policy that seeks to maximize the benefits bedside report (Athwal, Fields, and Wagnell, 2009). To maximize the benefits of bedside report in the hospital, nurses will be required to adhere to the following policy initiatives. Firstly, immediately on the day of admission, a bedside nurses or any other hospital staff will be required to explain briefly the process to patients and families, as well as invite patients and families to form part of the bedside shift report. In addition, bedside shift nurses will be required to give patients a brochure on the bedside shift report. Secondly, at each shift, nurses must ensure that the shift report takes place at the patient’s bedside. At the same time, nurses will be required to invite patients and families to take part in the shift report. Anderson and Mangino (2006) observed that, in some instances, patients or families might not be privy to certain information or diagnosis. However, bedside shift report is not the right place to discuss bad news. In this regard, nurses will be required to refrain from divulging any sensitive information or diagnosis during bedside shift. Instead, they will be required to follow the procedure set out by the hospital for discussing such sensitive information. Families also tend to complicate matters during bedside shift report (Griffin, 2010). This sometimes makes it difficult for nurses to know

Human Resource Planning Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Human Resource Planning - Research Proposal Example Apparently, skilled, loyal and motivated employees remain nowadays obviously the only reliable asset and competitive advantage of modern corporations. In terms when company's past success does not serve a password to "cloudless future" businesses need to rely on stable assets and first of all on human resources. Increasing attention to human resources has recently called into being a new set of methods, principles and techniques known as Human Research Management (HRM). Respectively, the set of strategies designed to develop the policy towards human resources is known as Human Resource Planning Activities (HRP). The importance of HRM and HRP is hardly objected in any company following western standards of business. It is clear that its performance depends not only on hard and attenuating work of its personnel, but also on the "human side" of the employees, i.e.: their competence, motivation, attitudes, communication and other variables. Observing Gunnigle and associates (2002: 12) HRM is the core of company's general efficiency and the basis for effective management. Beardwell and associates (2003: 15) believe that regardless the visible simplicity, the area of HRM and HRP has dramatic complexity due to potentially unpredictable nature of human resources. If a company fails to design HRP and direct human resources in the right areas of the business, at the right time and at the right cost, serious inefficiencies are likely to arise creating considerable operational difficulties and likely business failure (Beardwell, 2003). In the present project I will (i) identify the importance of human resource and vitality of HRP in modern business; (ii) investigate the HRP of IBM company which is one of the pioneers and leaders in the area of human resource management, (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of IBM's HRP activities and (iv) propose and justify reasonable changes in the HRP policy of the company. The importance of HRM and HRP in modern business Also organizational history is obviously as old as the history of human civilization itself, the chronicle of human resources management is much younger. Originally emerged in 1960s, the paradigm of HRM relied, however, on previous researches and findings of organizational scientists. As Alan Price (2000: 62) believes, HRM "hasn't come out of nowhere" as there is a long history of attempts to achieve an understanding of human behavior in the workplace. Throughout the whole XX century and even earlier both practitioners and scholars attempted to design the theories explaining human behavior at work and the ways to raise its effectiveness. A number of organizational theories brought to life the principles of HRM in 1960s-1970s. Though many of modern HRM principles have been already developed by this time, the year of HRM "official birth" is 1981 when Harvard Business School introduced a course that served a blueprint for global spread of human resource planning and management (Price, 2 000: 64). A good insight into the value of HR related programs has been provided by Schuler (1990: 52-54). He emphasized that the HR function had an opportunity to shift from being an "employee

Personality Diagnostic Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Personality Diagnostic Procedures - Essay Example This paper describes the results of the Personality Diagnostic assessment, emphasizing Gods interventions. The assessment results indicated that I tend to maintain a balance in relation to communications skills. For instance, the majority of scores were precisely in the mid-range from one extreme to the other. For instance, dominant personality attributes scored at 1, indicating the ability to dominate social situations, while also taking a less-controlling role, socially, when appropriate. Further, in relation to contentious behaviors, a similar mid-range score of 0.71 tends to support the notion that I maintain the ability to voice arguments when appropriate, while also being able to silence personal arguments when required. In todays business environment, positive communication skills are cited as one of the primary elements to promoting a cohesive organizational staff (Nickels, McHugh & McHugh, 2005). A balanced leader knows when to fight for change (argumentation) and when to remain silent when another person generates better ideas for business improvement. Though I discovered that I need to develop my listening skills, with a low score of 34, I believe that the majority of scores related to communication represent a person who maintains a balance of personality attributes. balance employee autonomy with a firm desire to simply do the job myself. Perhaps my firm commitment to organizational productivity and desire for strict adherence to policies could be lightened through exhortation, by coming together to develop the skills of subordinates, visualizing and promoting their ongoing business success (George). This builds trust, camaraderie, and a legitimate commitment in employees as they rejoice in their own accomplishments. This is one of the elements of a competent Christian leader. Supporting the concept of being a

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake & Sanaysay Essay Example for Free

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Sanaysay Essay A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions(including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.[3] Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called wave train.[4] Wave heights of tens of metres can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with over 230,000 people killed in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late 5th century BC, History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes,[5][6] but the understanding of a tsunamis nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore. Tsunami are waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the ocean, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean. Earthquakes Most tsunami are caused by large earthquakes on the seafloor when slabs of rock move past each other suddenly, causing the overlying water to move. The  resulting waves move away from the source of the earthquake event. Landslides Underwater landslides can cause tsunami as can terrestrial land which slumps into the ocean. View our landslide generation animation which demonstrates how a landslide induces a tsunami. Volcanic eruptions Less common are tsunami initiated by volcanic eruptions. These occur in several ways: destructive collapse of coastal, island and underwater volcanoes which result in massive landslides pyroclastic flows, which are dense mixtures of hot blocks, pumice, ash and gas, plunging down volcanic slopes into the ocean and pushing water outwards a caldera volcano collapsing after an eruption causing overlying water to drop suddenly. An earthquake is the shaking of the earth that occurs after pieces of the crust of the Earth suddenly shift. The term earthquake describes the sudden slip on a fault and includes the ground shaking and radiating seismic energy that is caused by the slip. Volcanic activity, or other geologic processes, may cause stress changes in the earth that can also result in an earthquake. Earthquakes can occur anywhere in the world although some areas of the globe are more likely to experience an earthquake than others. Earthquakes occur in all types of weather, in all climate zones, in all seasons of the year, and at any time of day making it impossible to predict with any certainty when an earthquake is likely to occur. The best seismologists (scientists who study earthquakes) can do is to look at the historical record of earthquake activity for any geographical area and use this data to calculate the probability of an earthquake occurring in the future. Earthquake prediction is still in the future. A tsunami is a series of sea waves that can be caused by earthquakes or landslides at or beneath the sea floor. The displacement of the sea floor that occurs during certain large submarine earthquakes and landslides causes displacement of large volumes of the sea water above it producing large, fast moving waves. When a coast line experiences a tsunami it can be due to an earthquake near the coast or due to a quake occurring in a distant part of the ocean. Coastal areas may experience little or no damage from an  earthquake but can be devastated by the resulting tsunami. 2010 Haiti Earthquake Haiti suffered one of the largest earthquakes in more than 200 years in 2010. The 7.0 magnitude earthquake was centered about 10 miles from Port-au-Prince and set off a swarm of tsunamis that killed three people and destroyed several homes. The waves were averaged to be about 10 feet high. 2010 Sumatra Earthquake/Tsunami he October 2010 Sumatra earthquake occurred on the same fault as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The second time wasnt as disastrous but there was still substantial damage. This time around the earthquake was 7.7 on the Richter scale and developed a tsunami that struck the Mentawai Islands. The tsunami, which had a wave of 9 feet, destroyed many of the villages on the island. It displaced more than 20,000 people and reportedly killed 435. 2010 Chile Earthquake/Tsunami A 8.8 magnitude earthquake struck Chile on February 27, 2010 with intense shaking that lasted for about three minutes. It triggered a tsunami that destroyed several coastal towns in south-central Chile. The tsunami raced through the Pacific Ocean that 53 countries had to post warning, though there was little damage as it moved past Hawaii, Australia and Japan. The death toll was 521 victims. 2011 Tohoku Earthquake/Tsunami The 9.0-magnitude megathrust earthquake that hit the Tohoku region of Japan on March 11, 2011 was the largest earthquake to have ever hit the country. Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan even called it the toughest and most difficult crisis for Japan since the end of World War II. The tsunami that traveled along the Pacific coast of Japans northern islands was measured to be at least 9.8 feet high. Entire towns and cities were swept away and about 5,692 are said to be dead, with 9,522 missing and 2,409 injured. 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami On April 24, 1771, the Yaeyama Great Earthquake caused the formation of the 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami. The tsunami hit both the Ishigaki and Miyakojima Island of Japan and killed a total of 12,000 people. Agriculture was severely damaged and the population decreased about one-third of what it was. The tsunami at Ishigaki reportedly reached a height of 262 feet. 1792 Mount Unzen The 1792 eruption of Mount Unzen in western Kyushu, Japan is the most deadliest volcanic eruption ever in Japan. It caused a megatsunami that reached up to 330 feet and killed 15,030 people. 1896 Meiji-Sanriku Earthquake The 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake hit Japan on a day when the country was celebrating both the return of soldiers from the Sinto Japanese War and a Shinto holiday. The 7.2 magnitude earthquake that took place was small but the tsunami that struck the coast of Sanriku 35 minutes later was much greater. Waves as high as 125 feet were measured and nearly 9,000 homes were destroyed. 22,070 were reported dead and an unusually high count of victims with fractured skulls and broken or missing limbs. Hawaii also suffered some destruction from the tsunami as waves of 30 feet were measured there. 1868 Arica Earthquake/Tsunami The estimated 8.5 to 9.0 magnitude earthquake near Arica (then part of Peru, now part of Chile) in 1868 nearly destroyed all of Arica and its surrounding cities. The tsunami it produced almost completely destroyed the port city of Pisco. It also caused some damage in Hawaii, New Zealand and Japan. About 25,674 casualties were reported. Aug. 27, 1883: Eruptions from the Krakatoa volcano fueled a tsunami that drowned 36,000 people in the Indonesian Islands of western Java and southern Sumatra. The strength of the waves pushed coral blocks as large as 600 tons onto the shore. June 15, 1896: Waves as high as 100 feet (30 meters), spawned by an earthquake, swept the east coast of Japan. Some 27,000 people died. April 1, 1946: The April Fools tsunami, triggered by an earthquake in Alaska, killed 159 people, mostly in Hawaii. July 9, 1958:Regarded as the largest recorded in modern times, the tsunami in Lituya Bay, Alaska was caused by a landslide triggered by an 8.3 magnitude earthquake. Waves reached a height of 1,720 feet (576  meters) in the bay, but because the area is relatively isolated and in a unique geologic setting the tsunami did not cause much damage elsewhere. It sank a single boat, killing two fishermen. May 22, 1960: The largest recorded earthquake, magnitude 8.6 in Chile, created a tsunami that hit the Chilean coast within 15 minutes. The surge, up to 75 feet (25 meters) high, killed an estimated 1,500 people in Chile and Hawaii. March 27, 1964: The Alaskan Good Friday earthquake, magnitude between 8.4, spawned a 201-foot (67-meter) tsunami in the Valdez Inlet. It traveled at over 400 mph, killing more than 120 people. Ten of the deaths occurred in Crescent City, in northern California, which saw waves as high as 20 feet (6.3 meters). Aug. 23, 1976: tsunami in the southwest Philippines killed 8,000 on the heels of an earthquake. July 17, 1998:A magnitude 7.1 earthquake generated a tsunami in Papua New Guinea that quickly killed 2,200. Dec. 26, 2004: A colossal earthquake with a magnitude between 9.1 and 9.3 shook Indonesia and killed an estimated 230,000 people, most due to the tsunami and the lack of aid afterward, coupled with deviating and unsanitary conditions. The quake was named the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, and the tsunami has become known as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Those waves traveled the globe – as far as Nova Scotia and Peru. March 11, 2011: A massive 8.9-magnitude earthquake struck northern Japan, triggering tsunamis that reportedly swept up cars, buildings and other debris. The Japan Meteorological Society has forecast more major tsunamis in the area, with some expected to reach more than 30 feet (10 m) off the coast of Hokkaido, Japans second largest island. A tsunami was also generated off the coast of Hawaii, one that could cause damage along the coastlines of all islands in the state of Hawaii, according to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. Tsunami warnings are in effect across Hawaii as well.

The importance of maintaining confidentiality

The importance of maintaining confidentiality Abstract Confidentiality is a protection and assurance of the right to privacy to the fullest extent. This report discusses the findings of my research into the importance of maintaining confidentiality. I investigated the situations where disclosure of confidentiality is appropriate in todays workplaces. The transmission of data and handling of patients medical records and personal information is still a big area of debate. When handled incorrectly the penalties that can be enforced are very stiff. Information handled in an inappropriate way can be damaging and costly. Costly to the company, in respect to cost of litigation, and costly to the customer due to private information being shared with the unscrupulous people! This report will set out to discover some cases of law related to the workplace, I will look at some of the examples of when confidentiality is not maintained, and investigate what big corporations are doing to train their employees on the importance of maintaining ethical st andards which contain guidelines for confidentiality in the workplace. Keywords: Confidentiality, workplace, Research, Importance, Medical, Privacy. Maintaining confidentiality in the work place is a big deal for corporations, major amounts of time and expense is devoted to training and documentation. All major businesses implement â€Å"Codes of Ethical Conduct† into the employment agreement for everyone that works for the company. Failure to maintain the policy could result in termination for the employee, and legal repercussions for the company. Confidentiality is based on four basic principles: Respect for an individuals right to privacy Respect for human relationship in which personal information is shared Appreciation of the importance of confidentiality to both individuals and society Expectations that those who pledge to safeguard confidential information will do so Confidential information may contain, but is not limited to, address, phone number, names of family members, medical information, etc. Confidentiality is very important in maintaining trust and building a strong employee relationship. This type of ethical behavior spans the globe, and is not just an American ideology. Here is an example from an Institution of higher learning at the University of South Australia, http://www.unisa.edu.au/hrm/forms/workplace.asp these types of policies are being implemented around the world. Information is power, and if not protected, can be abused. (University of South Australia accessed 11.24.09) Present situations where disclosure of information confidentiality is well stated is the medical field, the government has enacted The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA). Under these guidelines which they have named, final privacy rules, â€Å"covered entities must keep individually identifiable health information against deliberate or inadvertent misuse or disclosure. Consequently, health plans and providers must maintain administrative and physical safeguards to protect the confidentiality of health information as well as protect against unauthorized access. These entities must inform individuals about how their health information is used and disclosed and ensure them access to their information. Written authorization from patients for the use and disclosure of health information for most purposes is also required with the exception of health care treatment, payment and operations.†(http://www.hhs.gov accessed 11.24.09) Those entities that misuse personal health information can be penalized. Under final HIPAA rules, the HHS Office for Civil Rights, which is responsible for implementing the Privacy rules can impose civil monetary penalties and criminal penalties for certain wrongful disclosures of protected information. Civil penalties can be imposed up to $25,000 per year and criminal penalties can range from $50,000 and one year in prison to $250,000 and ten years in prison.(HHS.gov accessed 11.24.09) The Health Care Industry had been lobbying the former administration to change or dismantle HIPAA regulations, while consumer privacy advocates view the rules as a breakthrough that provides comprehensive federal standards, rather than conflicting state standards for patient medical privacy. At this time, it is unclear whether or not the current administration will fully implement HIPAA and how these final rules will affect everything over the long term. Keeping customer and employee information confidential is an important duty of all professionals. Employee data such as the information obtained and store to hire, pay, and manage is by nature sensitive. Keeping information that is discovered in the workplace confidential is also very sensitive, whether it is company related or customer based. SOURCES U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Mercer Consulting LLC University of South Australia

Correlation of Mathematics With Other Subjects

Correlation of Mathematics With Other Subjects â€Å"No subject is ever well understood and no art is intelligently practiced, if the light which the other studies are able to throw upon it is deliberately shut out.† – RAMONT What is correlation? The meaning of term ‘correlation’ in simplest form is â€Å"connect† or â€Å"to be connected†. More precisely, ‘Correlation’ means mutual relation of two or more items/things or Mutual relation of two or more than two items/things. The relation may be inverse or direct. For examle if there are two variables ‘a’ and ‘b’, if there is increase or decrease in one will affect on other. It is really a brainstorming activity which involves lots of efforts to be establishing relationship between school Subjects. In modern scenario, due to the number of innovation of 21st century involves lots of development in the education. These involve meaningful knowledge of the concept. Here child’s mind is an integrated whole, he wants to receive experiences in a fruitful manner. Definition â€Å"Correlation indicates a joint-relationship between two variables.† Lathrop â€Å"Correlation is concerned with describing the degree of relation between variables.† Ferguson â€Å"Correlation is an analysis of co-variation between two or more variables.† A.M. Taule â€Å"Correlation analysis deals with the association between two or more variables.† Simpson Kafka Types of correlation Positive correlation – when an increase in one variable, increases the value of another variable or vice versa. Negative correlation when an increase in one variable, decreases the value of another variable or vice versa. Incidental correlation It is not a planned/pre-decided, no deliberate or a systematic attempt made to correlate it. Teacher plays a leading role. E.g. If any teacher has basic knowledge of concepts/elements of versatile or different subjects, he can easily make correlation between two or more subjects. A teacher cannot establish incidental correlation without having knowledge of different subjects. Systematic correlation – teachers can sit together with his students and how to correlate? While doing systematic correlation, the previous knowledge/content of the student should be related with the current knowledge. To relate the same is called systematic correlation. Here, the student and the teacher have to think about the application of the fact, laws, principles, and correlation of two subjects. After that knowledge becomes interesting. No correlation when there is no mutual relationship between the two variables. It is also known as no linear dependent. Uses of correlation: The aim of education is â€Å"to achieve the all round development of a child†, this cannot be done by teaching only in simple classroom. In correlation, the practical subjects like maths and science plays important role. Where the correlation with concepts is used in learning of students. It makes learning permanent and concrete and knowledge to the learner. It makes the lesson easy and clear for the student. It enhances the mental abilities like problem solving, logical reasoning, imagination, and analytical power of student, because these can easily correlate acquired knowledge with the other subjects. It strengthens the skill, complexity of practical subject and makes mastery over the practical subject. It develops social relationship like human and social qualities in students. For teachers; it helps to complete the curriculum within short period of time and provides time for revision. Knowledge is useful and is maintained so that it can be developed and used in day to day life. Examples of dependent phenomena include the Relation between parents and their offsprings. The correlation between theprice and availabilty of product in the market. The theoretical aspect of anything explains the practical concept. Even a crime is also related to wrong addictions. The negative correlation between age and normal vision. The positive correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and cigarette smoking. Correlation of Mathematics with other disciplines Mathematics is â€Å"Science of all Sciences† and â€Å"Art of all Arts†. After understanding the basic concept of mathematics, students need to correlate the importance and concept of mathematics with other subjects, so as to understand other subjects easily and establishing relationship. Mathematical knowledge plays a crucial role in understanding the contents of other subjects. MATHEMATICS WITH GENERAL SCIENCE: Science without mathematics is totally meaningless, because chemical reactions, scientific theories and detail of elements are only generated/ counted with the help of mathematics. Mathematics is used in most of applications like in work, energy, electricity, motion, gravitation, magnetism etc. MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS: child should have rich knowledge of mathematics to understand physics. Generally final shape to the rules of physics is given by mathematics; it presents these rules in practically workable form. Mathematical calculations occur in every step of physical science. Charle’s law of expansion of gases is based upon mathematical calculations, numerical problems on liquid, pressure,frictional force, laws of motion, gravitation, momentum etc. MATHEMATICS AND CHEMISTRY: Molecular weights of organic compounds are calculated with mathematics. To measure the constituents of mixtures and Chemical compounds. To calculate Empirical or molecular formula. In balancing the chemical equations. In electronic configuration of atom of the element. Charle’s law of expansion of gases is based upon mathematical calculations. MATHEMATICS AND BIOLOGY: Mathematics has very high correlation with biology. The Normal Weight, Caloric value, Rate of Respiration, Nutritive Value of Food, Transpiration, is calculated by Maths. The Growth in Weight of infants’ upto Nine months. To count the number of bones in human being and other different species. To measure blood pressure. To count the number of WBC RBC in different blood groups. To count Sex chromosomes. MATHEMATICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: After completion of the unit child can read, interpret, and draw the graphs. For example, to compare the Population- students can draw bar graphs, Population Density of various countries, Per Capita Income etc. MATHEMATICS AND GEOGRAPHY: Geographical figures are explained in the terms of numbers only like seasonal conditions, temperature, humidity, degree, measurement of rain etc. the geographical conditions also defines the economy of a rich/poor country. Many countries like India have agricultural based economy due to its climate, rainfall, rivers and weather prediction.etc. Certainly Mathematics is used for constituting the map, Formation of Nights Days, Solar Lunar Eclipse, Longitude Latitude, Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Barometric Pressure, Height above Sea Level, Surveying, Calculation of International, Local and Standard Time, Instruments etc. And here are also many other calculations. Punjab, Haryana and U.P are very fertile states in India, so contribute to grain stores, industries are established there but in these states there are no mines. MATHEMATICS AND HISTORY: in history Mathematics helps in Calculation of Dates like duration of Britishers ruled in India? When Gandhi ji was born? Celebrate National Days and festivals, Cost in building of Taj-Mahal. Tenure of President in India. This gives us new information of the historical world. When the First and second world wars were fought? On account of economic considerations industrial revolution in Europe. MATHEMATICS AND ECONOMICS: Statistical Methods are used to calculate and to know the Volume of Trade, Trend of Import and Exports, Economic Forecasts, Trade Cycles, It helps in calculating various indexes like crop production inflation, etc. All economists, citizens and the businessmans can get the market trends economic conditions. Through currencies market, the Current updates of currency and through stock and commodity market the current updates of the stock and commodity of different countries. Only because of economic reasons certain empires faced liquidation. Similarly, economic events have been influenced or affectd by historical circumstances. In the current scenario the economic condition of India during UPA and NDA. MATHEMATICS AND FINE ARTS: decides size, Ratio and Proportion while constructing the Similarity, Scale appreciation, Balance and Symmetry, Postulates, Drawing images on cloth and paper, Rhythm in Music etc. MATHEMATICS AND LANGUAGE: Math and Reading:- Students read about the discoveries or work of great mathematicians, and they can make poem on numbers. Math and Writing (numbers are converted into writing):- A student makes the pie chart and interprets in his own words. e.g. Counting of alphabet, vowel, Read About The Life History of Mathematicians. Student can draw make a bar graph of time spent in school and home the whole week and can interpret. (Interpretation of Non-Verbal Data) MATHEMATICS WITH AGRICULTURE: Agriculture has close relationship with Maths. Agriculture has correlation with maths like area of crops, which season is suitable for which crop. How much quantity of water may be used in irrigation is also calculated in concern of agriculture by the use of mathematics. Investment, expenditure and saving in sowing specific crop, Division of land, Cost of labour, seed, fertilisers, expenditure in transportation of vegetables to the market, has the use of mathematics. As due to scientific inventions, there is lot of growth of agriculture economy takes place. MATHEMATICS WITH COMMERCE/ACCOUNTS: With the rich knowledge of commerce it is possible to study the economy of the country. Only by the knowledge of mathematics, Debit, Credit process expenditure in accounts of industry, banks firm, etc are determined. The commerce teacher of should try to teachor make understand in such a way that students may relate and explain all specific terms mathematically. MATHEMATICS AND ICT: The ICT is strongly correlated with mathematics. Computer programmes, applications, software and different languages without mathematics are impossible to operate and follow. Students are taught computers only because of knowledge of mathematics. Computer Provides important software for calculation e.g. SPSS software used in the long statistical calculations for research work. Many mathematical packages are used included Logo, dynamic geometry software, graph plotting etc., which are used in the teaching programmes. MATHEMATICS WITH ENGINEERING: without mathematics Engineering is like sea without water. Mathematics has very strong correlation with each and every branch of engineering. Mathematics is used in every branch of engineering like Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Architect, Civil, Chemical, Computer etc. To get admission in any engineering stream, student must read Mathematics as a subject upto class 12. MATHEMATICS WITH PSYCHOLOGY: Mathematics has correlation with Psychology for measuring I.Q, S.D, coefficient of correlation, Significance of difference, Measure of central tendency (Mean, Median, and Mode). â€Å"Likert Scale† used in psychology to make questionnaire. Mathematics is used in different modes of psychology like industry, army, social etc. MATHEMATICS WITH ASTRONOMY: Counting of Stars and Planets, No. of moon/satellite of all planets. No. of stars in galaxy. Time taken in revolving at its own orbit. Formation of seasons, Life of star, galaxy etc. And Distance between two planets. MATHEMATICS WITH PHYSICAL EDUCATION: Mathematics is used to measure structure of the body, blood pressure, the height, weight, rules of the games etc. Temperature of the normal human body, Size of playground, norm and standard of game like boot-ball, hockey, cricket, volleyball, tennis, wrestling, boxing etc. One more important espect or field MATHEMATICS WITH INDUSTRY: Mathematics is used in industrial work for example:- weaving, knitting, making furniture, leather work, making paints and fertilisers etc. Mathematical calculations are required to calculate all work and the cost. References http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/correlation.html#ixzz2RmJKiVEA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_and_dependence http://www.ditutor.com/regression/types_correlation.html PPT by Ms. Namrata Katare Saxena, Asst Prof. PCER, MES Dr. B. Pandya; Teaching of Mathematics (2007), Radha Prakhashan Mandir, Agra S.K. Mangal; Teaching of Mathematics, Tondon Publications, Ludhiana

different sides of war Essay -- essays research papers

Whether war is our only option to resolving problems in the world or not, there are many reasons why war is equally futile and heroic. All through history, men have been making amends and settling issues through acts of war. This is especially shown true in a book titled The Iliad. Throughout the epic, men of supernatural strength and intelligence prove themselves by battling their enemies. The victors of these battles were thought of as both heroic and brave. On the other hand the casualties of these wars have proven that war really was futile. In either case, one side will always come out victorious and the other equals death. So, is there any cause for war if the ultimate ending is bloodshed and death or should it be savored for it’s historical meaning?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In...

Illegal Immigrants and the Educational System Essay -- Argumentative P

Illegal Immigrants and the Educational System Secondary education is a highly debated subject. Many critics of secondary education say that inner-city high schools and students are not receiving the same attention as students from non inner-city high schools. Two of the biggest concerns are the lack of school funding that inner-city high schools are receive and the low success rate in sending inner-city high schools graduates to college. Critics say that while inner-city high schools struggle to pay its teachers and educate its student’s non inner-city high schools don’t have to deal with the lack of school funding. Also students from non inner-city high school are not being given the opportunity to attend colleges once the students graduate. But opponents of these critics blame an entirely different issue; and that is illegal immigrant students over crowding and attending high school at the expense of taxpayers. It cost millions of dollars a year for illegal immigrant students to attend high school and th is is the main reason why schools are experiencing budget problems. Teaching illegal immigrant students creates a difficult learning environment and that is why students in inner-city high schools are not moving on to a higher education. This paper will explore the controversy and issues of secondary education; it will expose the hidden truths and prove that illegal immigrants are taking a toll on the education system. So why has this become a problem that has grown way out of proportion? An organization known as Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) published a report on Immigration and School Overcrowding, with the help of David W. Stewart, author of Immigration and Education: The Cris... ...ration and School Overcrowding.† Online posting, October. 2002. http://www.fairus.org/ImmigrationIssueCenters/ImmigrationIssueCenters.cfm?ID=1272&c=17  · â€Å"Plyler v. Doe† Online source. U.S. Supreme Court. Gov. 1982. 15 June. 2005 < http://www.tourolaw.edu/patch/Plyler/> 1 Plyler v. Doe also found that there is no fundamental right to education, that Texas had not proved its argument that admission of illegal alien children to public schools would damage the educational opportunities provided to U.S. citizen children, and that there was no evidence that the U.S. government seriously intended to deport the parents of the illegal alien children. The Court could reverse the ruling if these circumstances were to change or if Congress were to make the exclusion of these students explicit by legislation. Source: U.S. Supreme Court: Plyler v. Doe (1982)

Biology unit 1&2 chapter 3 answers Essay

There must be a higher concentration of wastes in the dialysis tube than in the surroundings. Wastes must therefore be constantly removed from the surroundings to maintain a concentration gradient. b) What special features does it have? If the surrounding solution was not changed, the concentration gradient would become smaller and smaller until diffusion would no longer occur and the same amount of wastes would leave the dialysis tubing as wound enter it. 2. 3. When epithelial cells such as human cheek cells, are studied under a microscope, they are mounted on a slide to which a drop of ‘normal’ saline (salt) solution, rather than tap water, has been added. Explain why this is the best method for preparing these cells. If the person drank the sea water, cells in digestive system would be surrounded by a hypotonic solution and would lose water. Cells would become dehydrated and cease to function. 4. Under what natural conditions might plant cells become plasmolysis? There will be a net movement of water into the Amoeba in freshwater environment. 5. Two cells have the same internal concentration of sugar solution. They are both placed in distilled water. Even though both cells expand over time, one expands faster than the other. What are some reasons for this observation? The disease will cause severe diarrhea. Human body will be infected with bacterium when drinking contaminated water, and sticks to the intestinal lining. . Intestinal cells start secreting sodium and chloride ions into the intestinal fluid. This upsets the balance of fluids, causing a net movement of water out of the intestinal cells into the surrounding fluid which is then excreted with faces, causing diarrhea. Dehydration of body cells may eventually kill infected people. 6. After eating a packet of slated potato chips your lips often feel dry. Explain why? Blood glucose levels are measured in mill moles of glucose per liter of blood (mmol/L). The normal level is around 5 mmol/L. A 5% solution of glucose is roughly equivalent to the normal level of glucose in the blood. If this concentration drastically increases (20%), body cells may be in danger of losing water by osmosis. Increased thirst and excessive urination are two of the symptoms of diabetes, a condition in which the amount of blood sugar rises to unacceptable levels. 7. A student places a living cell into a drop of liquid contains less than 5% sugar. a) Make a hypothesis to explain what caused the change in sugar concentration outside the living cell. It is hypothesis a living cell being placed into a drop of liquid contains less than 5% sugar can cause the sugar concentration outside the living cell. 8. A particle that has been drawn into a cell by phagocytosis is not truly inside the cell. Explain the statement. If salt levels rise, water tends to move from the root tissue in citrus trees to the surroundings by osmosis. There is a lack of water for photosynthesis, causing smaller yields of citrus fruit.

Torispherical Head Tank Volume

Calculating Tank Volume Saving time, increasing accuracy By Dan Jones, Ph. D. , P. E. C alculating fluid volume in a horizontal or vertical cylindrical or elliptical tank can be complicated, depending on fluid height and the shape of the heads (ends) of a horizontal tank or the bottom of a vertical tank. Exact equations now are available for several commonly encountered tank shapes. These equations can be used to make rapid and accurate fluid-volume calculations. All equations are rigorous, but computational difficulties will arise in certain limiting configurations.All volume equations give fluid volumes in cubic units from tank dimensions in consistent linear units. All variables defining tank shapes required for tank volume calculations are defined in the â€Å"Variables and Definitions† sidebar. Graphically, Figs. 1 and 2 show horizontal tank variables and Figs. 3 and 4 show vertical tank variables. Exact fluid volumes in elliptical horizontal or vertical tanks can be foun d by first calculating the fluid volumes of appropriate cylindrical horizontal or vertical tanks using the equations described above, and then by adjusting those results using appropriate correction formulas.Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks Fluid volume as a function of fluid height can be calculated for a horizontal cylindrical tank with either conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, or torispherical heads where the fluid height, h, is measured from the tank bottom to the fluid surface, see Figs. 1 and 2. A guppy head is a conical head where the apex of the conical head is level with the top of the cylindrical section of the tank as shown in Fig. 1. A torispherical head is an ASME-type head defined by a knuckle-radius parameter, k, and a dish-radius parameter, f, as shown in Fig. 2.An ellipsoidal head must be exactly half of an ellipsoid of revolution; only a hemiellipsoid is valid – no â€Å"segment† of an ellipsoid will work as is true in the case of a spherical head wh ere the head may be a spherical segment. For a spherical head, |a| ? R, where R is the radius of the cylindrical tank body. Where concave conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, or torispherical heads are considered, then |a| ? L/2. Both heads of a horizontal cylindrical tank must be identical for the equations to work; i. e. , if one head is conical, the other must be conical with the same dimensions.However, the equations can be combined to deal with fluid volume calculations of horizontal tanks with heads of different shapes. For instance, if a horizontal cylindrical tank has a conical head on one end and an ellipsoidal head on the other end, calculate fluid volumes of two tanks, one with conical heads and the other with ellipsoidal heads, and average the results to get the desired fluid volume. The heads of a horizontal tank may be flat (a = 0), convex (a > 0), or concave (a < 0). The following variables must be within the ranges stated: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ à ¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ |a| ? R for spherical heads |a| ? L/2 for concave ends 0 ? ? 2R for all tanks f > 0. 5 for torispherical heads 0 ? k ? 0. 5 for torispherical heads D>0 L? 0 Page 1 of 12 Variables and Definitions (See Figs. 1-5) a is the distance a horizontal tank's heads extend beyond (a ; 0) or into (a ; 0) its cylindrical section or the depth the bottom extends below the cylindrical section of a vertical tank. For a horizontal tank with flat heads or a vertical tank with a flat bottom a = 0. Af is the cross-sectional area of the fluid in a horizontal tank's cylindrical section. D is the diameter of the cylindrical section of a horizontal or vertical tank.DH, DW are the height and width, respectively, of the ellipse defining the cross section of the body of a horizontal elliptical tank. DA, DB are the major and minor axes, respectively, of the ellipse defining the cross section of the body of a vertical elliptical tank. f is the dish-radius parameter for tanks with torispherical hea ds or bottoms; fD is the dish radius. h is the height of fluid in a tank measured from the lowest part of the tank to the fluid surface. k is the knuckle-radius parameter for tanks with torispherical heads or bottoms; kD is the knuckle radius.L is the length of the cylindrical section of a horizontal tank. R is the radius of the cylindrical section of a horizontal or vertical tank. r is the radius of a spherical head for a horizontal tank or a spherical bottom of a vertical tank. Vf is the fluid volume, of fluid depth h, in a horizontal or vertical cylindrical tank. Page 2 of 12 Horizontal Tank Equations Here are the specific equations for fluid volumes in horizontal cylindrical tanks with conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, and torispherical heads (use radian angular measure for all trigonometric functions, and D/2 = R > 0 for all equations): Conical heads.Vf = A f L + K †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 0 ? h < R 2 aR2 ? ? / 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ h = R 3 ? ? K †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. R < h ? 2 R 1 ? 2 M 1 ? M2 M M= R? h R K ? cos ? 1 M + M 3 cosh ? 1 Ellipsoidal heads. Vf = A f L + ? a h 2 1 ? Guppy heads. h 3R Vf = A f L + 2aR2 2a h cos ? 1 1 ? + 2 Rh ? h 2 (2 h ? 3 R )(h + R ) 3 R 9R Spherical heads. 3R 2 + a 2 6 ? a 3R 2 + a 2 3 h ? a h2 1 ? 3R Vf = A f L + a a ?a ( ( ) ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. h = R, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. h = D, a ? R a ? R †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .. h = 0 or a = 0, R, ? R 2 2r3 R2 ? r w R2 + r w z R cos ? 1 2+ + cos ? 1 ? 3 R (w ? r ) R(w + r ) r r ? 2 w r2 ? R cos ? 1 w R a ? 0. 01D y 4w y z w3 tan ? 1 + 3 z 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . h ? R, D; a ? 0, R, ? R; a R2 ? x 2 2 r 2 ? x 2 tan ? 1 dx ? A f z a r 2 ? R2 w a2 + R2 2|a| ( ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . h ? R, D; a ? 0, R, ? R; a < 0. 01D r= a? 0 ; a =  ± r ? r 2 ? R2 + ( ? ) for convex (concave ) heads w ? R? h y ? 2 R h ? h2 z ? r 2 ? R2 Page 3 of 12 Torispherical heads.In the Vf equation, use +(-) for convex(concave) heads. Vf = A f L  ± 2 [ 2 v 1,max ? v 1 (h = D ? h) + v 2,max + v 3,max ] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. h 2 ? h ? D 2 ( v 1,max + v 2 + v 3 ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 v1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 0 ? h ? h1 h1 < h < h 2 2kDh? h2 v1 ? 0 kD cos ? n 2 sin ? 1 n 2 cos ? 1 n2 ? w 2 ? w n 2 ? w 2 dx n g w ? w n 2 ? w 2 + g n 2 ? g 2 dx ? cos ? 1 n n 2 v2 ? 0 g g2 + r w z r3 g2 ? r w 2+ cos ? 1 + cos ? 1 ? r g(w + r ) r 3 g (w ? ) v3 ? g cos ? 1 g2 ? w 2 w3 w tan ? 1 ? w r2 ? 3 z g †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 0. 5 < f ? 10 + w z g2 ? w 2 6 g2 ? x 2 z + wz 2 2 g (h ? h1 ) ? (h ? h1 ) 2 (r 2 ? x 2 tan ? 1 ) dx ? w z 2 w 2 g cos ? 1 ? w 2g(h ? h1 ) ? (h ? h1 ) 2 g 0. 5 < f < 10,000 v 2,max ? v 2 (h = h 2 ) v 3,max ? v 3 (h = h 2 ) = v 1,max ? v 1 (h = h1 ) ? a1 6 ( 3g 2 2 + a1 ) a 1 ? r ( 1 ? cos ? ) r ? fD h 2 ? D ? h1 w ? R? h z ? r 2 ? g 2 = f D cos ? = r cos ? ? ? sin ? 1 1? 2k = cos ? 1 2 (f ? k ) 4 f 2 ? 8 f k + 4k ? 1 2 (f ? k ) h1 ? k D (1 ? sin ? ) n ? R ? k D + k 2D 2 ? 2 g ? f D sin ? = r sin ? In the above equations, Vf is the total volume of fluid in the tank in cubic units consistent with the linear units of tank dimension parameters, and Af is the cross-sectional area of flui d in the cylindrical body of the tank in square units consistent with the linear units used for R and h. The equation for Af is given by: A f = R 2 cos ? 1 R? h ? (R ? h) 2 R h ? h 2 R Page 4 of 12 Figure 1. Parameters for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks with Conical, Ellipsoidal, Guppy, or Spherical Heads. Spherical head Cylindrical Tube Hemiellipsoid head r(sphere) DGuppy head Conical head a (cone; guppy) a(sphere) R h a(ellipsoid) L Af Fluid cross-sectional area CROSS SECTION OF CYLINDRICAL TUBE h 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Both heads of a tank must be identical. Above diagram is for definition of parameters only. Cylindrical tube of diameter D (D > 0), radius R (R > 0), and length L (L ? 0). For spherical head of radius r, r ? R and |a| ? R. For convex head other than spherical, 0 < a < ? , for concave head a < 0. L ? 0 for a ? 0, L ? 2|a| for a < 0. Ellipsoidal head must be exactly half of an ellipsoid of revolution. 0 ? h ? D.Page 5 of 12 Figure 2. Parameters for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks with Torispherical Heads. kD h2 R D ? fD h h1 Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Examples L The following examples can be used to check application of the equations: Find the volumes of fluid, in gallons, in horizontal cylindrical tanks 108†³ in diameter with cylinder lengths of 156†³, with conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, and â€Å"standard† ASME torispherical (f = 1, k = 0. 06) heads, each head extending beyond the ends of the cylinder 42†³ (except torispherical), for fluid depths in the tanks of 36†³ (example 1) and 84†³ (example 2).Calculate five times for each fluid depth – for a conical, ellipsoidal, guppy, spherical, and torispherical head. For example 1 the parameters are D = 108†³, L = 156†³, a = 42†³, h = 36†³, f = 1, and k = 0. 06. The fluid volumes are 2,041. 19 Gal for conical heads, 2,380. 96 Gal for ellipsoidal heads, 1,931. 72 Gal for guppy heads, 2,303. 96 Gal for spherical heads, and 2,028. 63 Gal fo r torispherical heads. For example 2 the parameters are D = 108†³, L = 156†³, a = 42†³, h = 84†³, f = 1, and k = 0. 06. The fluid volumes are 6,180. 54 Gal for conical heads, 7,103. 45 Gal for ellipsoidal heads, 5,954. 1 Gal for guppy heads, 6,935. 16 Gal for spherical heads, and 5,939. 90 Gal for torispherical heads. For torispherical heads, ‘a’ is not required input; it can be calculated from f, k, and D. torispherical-head examples, the calculated value is ‘a’ = 18. 288†³. Page 6 of 12 For these Vertical Cylindrical Tanks Fluid volume in a vertical cylindrical tank with either a conical, ellipsoidal, spherical, or torispherical bottom can be calculated, where the fluid height, h, is measured from the center of the bottom of the tank to the surface of the fluid in the tank.See Figs. 3 and 4 for tank configurations and dimension parameters, which are also defined in the â€Å"Variables and Definitions† sidebar. A torispheric al bottom is an ASME-type bottom defined by a knuckle-radius factor and a dish-radius factor as shown graphically in Fig. 4. The knuckle radius will then be kD and the dish radius will be fD. An ellipsoidal bottom must be exactly half of an ellipsoid of revolution. For a spherical bottom, |a| ? R, where a is the depth of the spherical bottom and R is the radius of the cylindrical section of the tank.The following parameter ranges must be observed: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ a ? 0 for all vertical tanks, a ? R for a spherical bottom f > 0. 5 for a torispherical bottom 0 ? k ? 0. 5 for a torispherical bottom D>0 Vertical Tank Equations Here are the specific equations for fluid volumes in vertical cylindrical tanks with conical, ellipsoidal, spherical, and torispherical bottoms (use radian angular measure for all trigonometric functions, and D > 0 for all equations): Conical bottom. ? Dh Vf = 4 4 a 2 h 3 2a 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . à ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. h

Humans And Animals Relationships Essay

Whether its social, business, or personal, animals play an extremely important role in the lives of humans. Humans have been using animals to survive since before 100 BC. Animals have been protectors, companions, benefactors, co-workers, and even best friends. Humans need animals in their lives to stay healthy mentally and even physically. Animals are used in everyday physical therapy to increase movement in the handicapped or elderly. Animals help with physical fitness which will boost their moods substantially. For example, elderly people that are in nursing homes have been able to work with animals as a type of therapy to improve and maintain their function and to increase their quality of life while in the nursing home. It is a proven fact that animals lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and keep their heart in check. Dogs can detect the sudden drop in the level of blood glucose and alert the owner to eat or take their medication. Pets can not only help handicapped and the elderly , but children as well. Children who grow up with pets have less risk of allergies and asthma; many also learn responsibility, compassion, and empathy from having pets. Pets are natural mood enhancers. One of the reasons for these therapeutic effects is that most pets fulfill the basic human need to touch. Even hardened criminals in prison have shown long-term changes in their behavior after interacting with pets, many of them experiencing mutual affection for the first time. Some state prisons will bring in dogs for the inmates to train, so they can learn to interact with others and to give them a purpose. While a person is with an animal their body actually goes through physical changes that make a difference in their mood. The hormone that is associated with stress is actually lowered, while the production of serotonin is being increased from the level it was previously at when the person wasn’t around the animal. Sometimes, while working with a patient, a counselor might use a dog in therapy. In doing so, it will raise their serotonin level and allow  the patient to be more comfortable. Therapists have recently started prescribing pets as a way of dealing with and recovering from depression and anxiety. The unconditional love that is given from a pet to a human when petting it or playing with it, actually elevates their moods to a state where they are no longer depressed or anxious. Stroking, holding, cuddling, or otherwise touching a loving animal can rapidly calm and soothes humans when they’re stressed. The companionship of a pet can also ease loneliness, and some pets are a great stimulus for healthy exercise, which can substantially boost mood. The more that people interact with animals the less likely they will isolate themselves; pet lovers and pet owners can easily talk to each other about their pets without talking about uncomfortable subjects. Dogs help with people who are suffering PTSD. Dog can provide a sense of security, calming effects, and physical exercise that can make a positive difference in the life of those that suffer with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Like all assistance dogs, a psychiatric service dog is individually trained to do work or perform tasks that mitigate their handler’s disability. The dog will be able to calm the owner and teach him/her not to be afraid. It will be able to bond with its owner when he/she cannot bond with other humans. People with PTSD are afraid to be alone in public and the company of a dog will ease that fear. Animals have been used to assisted humans for as long as anyone can remember. They help psychologically with the world around them. They help with physical condition that’s going on with their body. Humans can bond easily with an animal more so than another human being. Whether it’s from a problem they are born with or something that stumbled upon them, they can always rely on animals to ease their pain. Work Cited Siegel, J. (1990). Stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly: The moderating role of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1081-1086. Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Thomas, S. A., Lynch, J. J., & Messent, P. R. (1983). Social interaction and blood pressure: Influence of animal companions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 171, 461-465. Hunt, S. J., Hart, L.A., & Gomulkiewicz, R. (1992). The role of small animals in social interaction between strangers. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 245-256. Thelen, E. (2000). Grounded in the world: Developmental origins of the embodied mind. Infancy, 1, 3-28. Thomson, R. (1968). The Pelican history of psychology. London: Pelican.

A report about the recruitment and selection for a particular job role Essay

The assignment is to write a report about the recruitment and selection for a particular job role in the sports and leisure industry. The tasks are: to create a job advert and get my peers to act as applicants; go through the whole recruitment and selection process and at the end choosing the most suitable candidate out of those that applied; choosing the most suitable applicant and offering them the position; producing an induction and motivational programme for the chosen candidate. Sufficient research will be carried out to help the analysis of the recruitment and selection processes. There will be an evaluation judging the effectiveness of chosen approaches. The Recruitment Process Recruitment is the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply for employment to an organisation. The Recruitment Process is when a business looks for and finds a suitable person to fill a certain job position. This includes job description, job adverts, person specification, application forms, short listing, dealing with references, assessing candidates, deciding on the most suitable candidate and then informing those who did not get the job. Businesses need to avoid discrimination by sex, race, disability or age during the recruitment process so that they do not get sued. This allows them to make sure the best candidate gets the job. Firstly the business will need to draw up the Job Description. This usually includes the job title, location, information about the company, the job purpose, a detailed list of job requirements and skills, the salary and benefits, working hours, promotion prospects, who the employee will be responsible to and finally who the employee is responsible for. In order to draw up a suitable job description, the human resource manager interviews the current jobholder and the line manager so that they can do a job analysis. A job description is drawn up because it is important when carrying out appraisals, and it helps analyse jobs and training. It also helps with work force planning and pay determination. They can then use the job description to place the job advertisement. EXAMPLE OF A JOB DESCRIPTION POST TITLE Administration Assistant DIVISION/DEPARTMENT Installation & Facilities Management REPORTS TO Installation & Facilities Manager GRADE 7 AIM To provide administrative support within the Specified Group within the Technical Division. The post holder will be required to work flexibly, in a rapidly developing office environment. It may be necessary to assist, or cover for, other administrative staff from time to time. RESPONSIBILITIES The key duties of the post are as follows: * Filing of correspondence in/out * Setting up and maintenance of filing systems as and when required as works progress * Preparing document transmittal forms based on a list of drawings/documents which the Group is required to issue * Upkeep of the document/drawing register of all the Group contractors who have been sent documents/drawings and their issue * Typing – Word skills for general preparation of letters/forms that the Group will issue, along with logging into the Group records system. * User notifications for statutory/routine/unplanned for inspections/testing/repairs, etc. * Arrange meetings, book and prepare meeting rooms and provide/arrange hospitality * Once operational – helpdesk assistance Plus other duties consistent with the grade as directed. Because businesses change often the Job Description will inevitably change. An employee might need to do other jobs that are similar to their job if they are directed to do so by their management. Next they will need to draw up a Person Specification using the seven-point plan, which was an idea from Alec Rodger. The seven points are: 1. Physique, health and appearance- is the person well groomed? Are their looks suitable? Are their dress sense, voice, hearing and eyesight suitable? Is their health in order? 2. Attainments- what type of educational and vocational qualifications do they have? What is their job experience? 3. General intelligence-What is the level of the person’s general intelligence (obtained through IQ tests)? 4. Special aptitudes- what special skills does the person have? 5. Interests- what are their interests and hobbies? 6. Disposition- do they tend to influence others? Have they got leadership potential? 7. Circumstances- what is their age group? Are they single or married? Are they mobile or not? This usually requires managers to differentiate between essential and desirable qualities under each heading. For example five GCSE’s at a grade C or above might be essential for ‘Attainment’ to do a particular job, whereas two GCE A Levels might be desirable but not essential. Then the job advertisement can be placed. To create the best advertisement you have to make sure that: the advertisement gives a clear picture of what the job entails, the advertisement sets out clearly where the job is located, the advertisement is focused enough to attract people with the right sort of qualifications for the post, the sort of people most likely to apply for the job are suitable, the advertisement indicates opportunities for job development and for personal challenges over time, that an applicant knows how to apply for a job and that the advertisement in its present form will screen out unsuitable applicants. The advertisement should be placed in a suitable place so that the people with the right qualities apply. Most advertisements include the job description, a brief description of the environment of the organization, the location of the organisation and the job, the salary expectation, the contact details, the minimum entrance qualifications, the required job exp erience, the fringe benefits and the organisational identity. A job advert should provide prospective candidates with information but should also deter people who are not suitable for the job. The presentation is also important as it gives people their first impression of the organization. Many legal considerations need to be met when recruiting. The equal pay act 1970 states that there should be equal pay and conditions for people doing the same job and this would apply to the job advert. The Sex discrimination act 1975 states that employers can’t discriminate between potential employees on the fact that they are male or female. The 1986 sex discrimination act states that there must be a similar retirement date for both men and women. The race relation act 1968, 1976, 2000 states that there can be no discrimination against people of different colours, race, ethnicity or national origins. Finally the disability discrimination act 1995 and 2004 states there must be no discrimination at work, and that the employer must provide a suitable workplace for the disabled employees. Here is a flow diagram of the recruitment process: The Selection Process Selection is the process by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants a person or persons most likely to succeed in the job(s), given management goals and legal requirements. Firstly you have to draw up a shortlist of the most suitable applicants out of the large number that applied for the job. The people who draw up the shortlist use the job description, person specification and other sets of criteria to reject the people who are not right for the job. They are usually sorted into three piles of suitable candidates, possible candidates and rejects. After this you would send out letters to invite the most suitable candidates to an interview. These letters set out where and when the interview will take place and anything that the candidate will need to do before the interview. Usually, the interviewer creates forms for use during the interview including a list of questions to ask. Equal opportunities requirements state that the candidates must be asked the same questions. Sometimes the interviewer will also draw up a list of criteria for the candidates to meet. Also you will need copies of the interviewee’s application forms, CV’s, and cover letters and copies of the person specification, the job description and interview assessment schedules showing the criteria for the applicants. Interviews are generally relaxed and comfortable so that the applicant can show their best side. A good way to start could be to ask questions about the candidate’s journey to the interview. The interview is a two-way process and although it is a way for the interviewer to find the best candidate for the job, it is also a way for the interviewee to make sure this is a suitable environment for them to be working in. The question asked should relate to the person specification and job description. Most of the time the interviewers will make notes to judge if the candidate meets the requirements. Also questions are asked that need detailed answers. Some jobs involve testing to find out whether certain people have the right personalities to carry out specific types of work. A psychometric test is a way of assessing a person’s personality, drives and motivations. An aptitude test is used to find out whether a candidate is suited to carrying out a particular type of work and involve some form of stimulation of that type of work. At the end of the interview, the interviewer should ask the interviewee if there is anything they would like to ask. Then the interviewer will explain how they will inform the candidate whether or not they got the job in question. Normally candidates will be given feedback on how they performed in the interview. They should be told why they were not suitable for the post, but also tell them what they did well. This feedback should be seen as a positive process and help with the ongoing development of the interviewee. After the most suitable candidate is selected, they will be informed of the choice and they will be asked if then still want the job. This is normally done over the phone straight after the decision has been made. Then the person will accept or reject the job. Legal considerations need to be met when selecting aswell. The Sex discrimination act 1975 states that employers can’t discriminate between potential employees on the fact that they are male or female. The 1986 sex discrimination act states that there must be a similar retirement date for both men and women. The disability discrimination act 1995 and 2004 states there must be no discrimination at work, and that the employer must provide a suitable workplace for the disabled employees. The race relation act 1968, 1976, 2000 states that there can be no discrimination against people of different colours, race, ethnicity or national origins. Finally, the equal pay act 1970 states that there should be equal pay and conditions for people doing the same job. Here is a diagram of the selection process: Induction Process Induction is a formal initiation of a new employee into a new organization or new position, the job they will have to do and the people they will have to work with. After completing the recruitment and selection processes, the chosen candidate is sent all details that will be needed for the job. This will include the start date and time, place of work, who to ask for on arrival, details of social provisions and details of medical care and pension provisions. The employee could ask for a written statement of the terms and conditions of employment. Induction normally includes giving them a tour of their workplace, teaching them about the aims of the business, giving them some background information about the company, teaching them about health and safety around the company (fire exits e.t.c), how to contact the company when they are absent, ill or late, an introduction to the various people they will be working with and making sure that they know if the person needs training or not. The Induction programme must be suitable for the candidate and also the job role. An induction package would include the objectives for the induction programme, which would set put what you want the employee to get out of the induction. It would also include a timetable for the induction and an outline of the activities that they will have to carry out. Induction is carried out because it allows a new employee to get acquainted with the company and the people in it, it teaches them about company policies, their rights, and the health and safety requirements, and finally it ensures that the employee starts working effectively and productively as soon as possible. By the end of induction the new employee aims to find out as much important information about the company as possible, find out what their part will be in helping the company run efficiently, feel comfortable and optimistic about working at the company and it will help them in personal development and finally find out about their rights and responsibilities. Employees need to be conscious of what they need to do if they are going to be absent or late or if they are ill. If there are too many absences then it will begin to affect the performance of a team. Also if an employee knows they are going to be late then they need to inform management so that appropriate cover can be provided. Most organisation ask employees to get a note from the doctor to prove they have been sick, and a doctor’s certificate if they are away for more than five days. If the new employee is unfamiliar with the software used in the company then they will have to be familiarised with it. Therefore the employee will need to talk through the software with the employee and, if this doesn’t work, send them for training. In some cases on-the-job training is more effective as it undertaken in the workplace and it therefore familiarises them with the computer in the workplace. However, in other cases, off-the-job training is more effective as it is away from the workplace and people who have correct qualifications train them. Legal considerations also need to be met when inducting. The disability discrimination act 1995 and 2004 states there must be no discrimination at work, and that the employer must provide a suitable workplace for the disabled employees. The Sex discrimination act 1975 states that employers can’t discriminate between potential employees on the fact that they are male or female. The 1986 sex discrimination act states that there must be a similar retirement date for both men and women. The race relation act 1976, 2000 states that there can be no discrimination against people of different colours, race, ethnicity or national origins. Finally, the health and safety at work act 1974 which states that ‘it shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonable practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all his or her employers’. Motivation Motivation is applying what drives a person, so that they will want to work productively for your company. Everyone is motivated differently. If a business had a motivated workforce then a businesses profitability will be boosted. Different factors of motivation will increase revenue and reduce costs. If an employee is motivated to increase their efforts then there will be higher productivity, if an employee is motivated to take pride in their work then there will be improved quality in work, if an employee is motivated to be loyal to company then there will be a reduced labour turnover and if an employee is committed to a company then it reduces absenteeism. There are many different theories about motivation. Here are two: 1. A. Maslow- Hierarchy of needs In 1954 an American psychologist Abraham Maslow had a theory about what motivated people in the workplace. He believed that all human beings had the same types of needs and this could be organised into a hierarchy of needs. This was his hierarchy: What people need What businesses can offer To achieve their full potential Self-fulfilment needs Training, challenges and opportunities to develop skills Gaining the respect of others; feeling valued; having confidence and self respect Self-esteem needs Reward for achievement promotion and status Being part of the group; giving and receiving affection and friendship Love and belonging needs Opportunities for teamwork; social facilities and positive work relations Security; absence of danger and freedom from anxiety Security needs High standards of healthy and safety; job security; absence of bullying Food, water, air, rest and activity Basic needs Decent pay to enable needs to be met; acceptable hours and conditions He said that firstly lower-level needs have to be met, but to avoid employees feeling irritated higher-level needs should also be met. If an employee feels irritated then they might be demotivated and nonchalant towards their work. 2. F. Herzberg- Two factor theory In the 1950’s the American psychologist Fredrick Herzberg conducted research that asked about motivation. He asked 200 engineers and accountants about the factors in their work that caused job satisfaction and those that caused dissatisfaction. He used the results from his research to develop his Two Factor theory of motivation. In his theory two sets of factors motivate workers, and these were motivators and hygiene factors. Motivator factors- These are factors that could potentially motivate workers by providing job satisfaction. They include a feeling that they have achieved something, praise and recognition of effort, interesting work, responsibility, opportunities for promotion and opportunities for self-improvement. Hygiene factors- All factors that cause dissatisfaction are to do with the working environment. These include company policy, relationships with supervisors and colleagues, working conditions, pay and status and security. Financial incentives There are many different financial incentives. These are: * Wages, salaries and bonuses * Profit sharing * Share options There are many different types of wages. Flat rate is when you get paid weekly or monthly and it is based on a set number of hours. Time rate is when you receive a set rate hour and then pay overtime if any is done. Piece rate is when you are paid for what is made as long as it meets quality standards. Bonuses are paid if an employee has been working hard at times like Christmas when people are likely to work less hard as the holiday season comes in. Commission is a type of salary based on the percentage of sales made by a salesperson. Profit Sharing is when employees are given bonuses based on the profit made by the organisation. This will help employees see that if the business is doing well, they will do well also. Share options are when employees buy shares in the business and then are rewarded according to how well the organisation is doing. This also means that they will get paid dividends as they are shareholders. Non Financial Incentives There are also many types of non-financial incentives. These are: * Goal Setting * Perks and status symbols * Appraisals * Meeting training needs Goal setting is when managers set goals for employees to work towards. This can make the employer feel like they’ve achieved something by reaching their set goal. A perks is when you get something extra in return for doing a particular job, and an example of a status symbol is having a sign outside you door. An appraisal is meeting between an employee and an appraiser, where targets are set, and also seen whether they manage to meet their targets from the period before that. Finally, meeting training needs is important; as it makes sure that the employee has a good knowledge of all the equipment they are working with. Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre The leisure centre chosen for this project is Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre, which is located on Watling Avenue in Burnt Oak. Their indoor facilities include a state-of-the-art Wellness Health and Fitness centre with 100 pieces of the latest equipment, dance studio with an extensive group exercise programme, a crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½che, a 4 court badminton sports hall, basketball, trampolining, football, netball, gymnastics and an indoor facilities changing room. Their outdoor facilities include an all-weather pitch for 7-a-side football and hockey, one Junior 11-a-side and two 7-a-side grass football pitches, 2 outdoor tarmac areas for netball, basketball, football and tennis, and outdoor facility changing rooms. Customer Service Advisor I am recruiting for a Customer Service Advisor at the Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre. The Customer Service Advisors main job is to get people to join the gym. They have to be able to handle all different types of customers. They are expected to keep up to date with product and company policy changes in order to answer any customer queries. They have to have good communication skills, patience and common sense. They must be polite and friendly, calm, even when under pressure, thorough and accurate and finally they have to be interested in working with people. They have to be able to work as part of a team and on their own. They have to be over 18. Recruitment Process When advertising for a position at the Barnet Burnt Oak leisure centre, they firstly write up their job description. This tells us that the job is for a Customer Service Advisor, and that it is located at the Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre. It tells us some important information about the company, the job purpose, a detailed list of job requirements and skills, the salary and benefits of the job, working hours, promotion prospects, who the employee will be responsible for and finally who the employee will be responsible for. Next they draw up a person specification. They normally try to look for people who are patient and have good communication skills and common sense. Firstly they try to recruit internally. The advantages of doing this are that it requires a shorter induction period, the employer will be more aware of the candidates skills and it is quicker and cheaper than recruiting externally. However the disadvantages of this are another vacancies will be created and this will also have to be filled and external candidates may be more suitable for the job. Therefore, if their internal recruitment is unsuccessful then they recruit externally and place an advert in the local press. There is no set qualifications needed to be a Customer Service Advisor but you have to be over 18 and you have to have a minimum of one to two years experience in any job. Selection Process At the Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre they hold open days where they invite people to the centre to fill in an application form, and then if they meet the criteria set out in the person specification then they are invited to stay for an interview. The interview is on a one to one basis. The candidates are asked about their relevant experience and qualifications and they are asked what they would do in a particular situation at the leisure centre. Each question asked is worth 12 points and they do not consider anyone whose answer is less than 8 points. If the person is unsuccessful then they are told straight away, otherwise they are told within 2 days over the phone. Then they do a shadow shift and they are set mini tasks over three days to help them decide whom they want to recruit. Other employees are asked what they think of the new employee and so there is a lot of teamwork involved in the decision. Induction Process When the most suitable candidate is informed that they have the job, they are invited back to the centre and they do on-the-job training. On-the-job training would be learning to use a certain database that is used at the leisure centre. Their skills and qualifications are monitored and if they need extra they are sent on off-the-job training course. Included in the induction process is health and safety, which includes showing them where fire exits are. Motivation Process There are no specific motivational tools used at the Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre, just to be cheerful, and don’t force yourself to do it. Legal Dimension The Leisure Centre follows the Sex discrimination act 1975 which states that employers can’t discriminate between potential employees on the fact that they are male or female; the 1986 sex discrimination act states that there must be a similar retirement date for both men and women; the disability discrimination act 1995 and 2004 states there must be no discrimination at work, and that the employer must provide a suitable workplace for the disabled employees; the race relation act 1968, 1976, 2000 states that there can be no discrimination against people of different colours, race, ethnicity or national origins and finally, the equal pay act 1970 states that there should be equal pay and conditions for people doing the same job. If they do discriminate they are liable to be sued. Simulated practice I decide that to understand more fully the stages within recruitment and selection, I had to take the role of an employer. Recruitment Firstly I drew up my Job Description. This included the job title, location, and information about the company, the job purpose, a list of job experience and qualifications needed, the salary, working hours, and finally the person that the employee is responsible to. Job Title * Customer Service Advisor Location * Barnet Burnt Oak Leisure Centre * Burnt Oak * Watling Avenue About the company Greenwich Leisure Limited (GLL) is an innovative staff led ‘Leisure Trust’, structured as an Industrial and Provident Society, which manages more than forty public leisure centres within the M25 area in partnership with nine London Boroughs, Epsom & Ewell Borough Council, Bellingham Community Project, Sport England and the London Development Agency. Job purpose * Get people to join the gym. * Basic customer care i.e. showing people where things are (toilets, crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½che e.t.c.). Qualifications * No set qualifications needed Experience * At least 1-2 years experience in work Salary * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16,000-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½17,000 per annum Working hours * 40 hours per week Reports to * Manager: George I did this job description in this way because I thought it would screen out unsuitable candidates. When I was shortlisting my candidates I realized that perhaps it could have been more specific in the qualifications and experience sections and possible could have had a minimum requirement of 5 A*-C grades in GCSE for qualifications and for experience could have said that 1-2 experience in customer service. Next, I drew up a Person Specification using Alec Rodger’s seven-point plan. Physique, health and appearance * Must be committed to a healthy lifestyle * Must be smartly dressed * Must be able to see the writing on a computer screen Attainments * Min of 5 A*-C grade at GCSE (desirable) * 1-2 years experience in work General Intelligence * Must have common sense Special Aptitudes * Patience Interests * Fitness Disposition * Good communication skills Circumstances * Must be over 18 * Marital status: Single (Desirable) * Mobile (Desirable) I decided to do my person specification in this way because again I thought that it would screen out the unsuitable candidates. It was better than the job description, but it also had its own faults. I could have expanded on my special aptitudes, and included enthusiasm. I could have also expanded on the interests and added working with computers and working with people. Finally, I could have added to the disposition and added good written skills and good ICT skills. Then the job advertisement can be placed. To create my job advertisement I stated clearly in the title what job it is so that people who are looking for this sort of job will read the rest of the advert. The job description would hopefully have deterred unsuitable candidates. Again like the job description and person specification it didn’t do as good a job as I would have hoped. However, I did get a lot of potential candidates that were suitable for the job. Selection I received many different CV’s and then I sent them all letters of invitations. This letter sets out what job the interview is for, where and when the interview will take place, anything the candidate needs to bring and who to ask for arrival so that the candidate will be fully prepared for the interview. When I created my application form (See appendix) I considered all the factors that all good application forms have. The questions I decided to put on the application were designed to show me which candidates were more suitable than others. This was effective when it came to shortlisting, because it was shown that some candidates couldn’t read simple instructions like ‘Please complete this application form in black ink’. I created a list of 17 interview questions (See appendix) to ask my candidates. The interview questions were my most successful tool as they were what showed me the candidate’s personalities. It was from this that I made my final decision about the candidate I chose. I informed the most successful candidate by phone to gain immediate acceptance. I did not inform the candidates not chosen as it would have been too time consuming. Evaluation My job description and person specification were problematic, as they did not develop some of the points made. In the job description, it was when it cam to relevant qualifications and experience; and in the person specification the disposition, interest and special aptitudes. My job advert was very good in filtering unsuitable candidates but possibly not as much as I had initially wanted. My selection process was definitely more successful. The interview questions helped me get an insight into how the candidates worked and if they would be perfect for the job. I did not break any legal considerations when I was recruiting, selecting, motivating and inducting. I carefully stayed within the equal pay act 1970 which states that there should be equal pay and conditions for people doing the same job, the sex discrimination act 1975 which states that employers can’t discriminate between potential employees on the fact that they are male or female, the 1986 sex discrimination act which states that there must be a similar retirement date for both men and women, the race relation act 1968, 1976, 2000 which states that there can be no discrimination against people of different colours, race, ethnicity or national origins, and finally the disability discrimination act 1995 and 2004 states there must be no discrimination at work, and that the employer must provide a suitable workplace for the disabled employees. I also asked my potential employees the same interview questions so that there was no unfairness when it came to picking my final appl icant. I also fitted equal opportunities into my application form. If the activity were repeated I would change my job description and person specification so that it would expand on what I have already done and it would help me be more selective about whom I interviewed and chose. If a different job role had been chosen that I had more knowledge about then I possible could have produced better human resources documentation and developed more into areas I didn’t know. However this job role was a good choice and I think it was done to the best of my ability at the time. In hindsight, however, I know that I could have done better and expanded more on certain ideas I had. I am now more aware of recruitment and selection process, and it will help me to get a job in the future because I will have a better understanding of how an applicant in selected.