Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Research Paper

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Research Paper Example .............9 Section Three 3.1 Treatment and results........................................................11 References...............................................................................15 Post-traumatic stress disorder Section One 1.1 History Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that is precipitated by a traumatic event, usually a life-threatening situation either for the individual, or for a bystander that the individual is witnessing. When the period of adjusting and coping does not abate after a short length of time and the traumatic responses have only gotten worse, an individual is usually then diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Even though the American Psychiatric Association only began recognizing post-traumatic stress disorder in the early 1980s, and thus including it in the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders, this anxiety disorder has been noted to have been around for many centuries. Many of the apparent causes of post-trauma tic stress disorder, which will be discussed in-depth in due time, most of which involve putting the lives of others at risk, have been around since the dawn of mankind. Battle, the tragic loss of a loved one, or else someone finding themselves in a situation in which their safety is compromised have all been a part of the human experience. As such, it can be assumed that post-traumatic stress disorder dates back thus far. ... This was before the disorder was officially recognized. It was not until the aftermath of the Vietnam War that the intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder became clear, though it was originally classified as a disorder directly connected to the Vietnam War itself (Fredericks, 2010). The veterans, many of whom were diagnosed with what was first known as post-Vietnam syndrome, became active in making it known that post-traumatic stress disorder was a real disorder, one that needed proper research so that treatment could be given. 1.2 Symptoms The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder normally do not make themselves known until approximately three months after a traumatic event. However, there have been some cases in which symptoms did not appear for many years after the individual experienced or witnessed the event. There are three categories that symptoms pertaining to post-traumatic stress disorder are grouped, which are intrusive memories, avoidance and numbing, and increas ed anxiety or emotional arousal. Intrusive memories: When a person shows symptoms related to intrusive memories, they have flashbacks or dreams about the event. They tend to relive the event for many minutes at a time, though some patients have relived the traumatic experience for days at a time. These flashbacks and dreams are undesirable to the individual, constantly reminding them of what took place and causing them to feel anxious. Avoidance and numbing: In response to traumatic events, most people prefer to cope by avoiding anything to do with the event. However, someone who has is suffering from or has developed post-traumatic stress disorder really goes out of the way to avoid reminders of the event that took place. They avoid talking and

History and Culture Essay Example for Free

History and Culture Essay Too long the country has been deprived of its national pride and independence. By 1911-1912, the foreigners were everywhere. The best way was to use them as sponsors for our changes, and let them call me â€Å"a dictator [corrupt and †¦ brutal] surrounding himself as soon as he could with some of the most despicable Chinese agents of the old regime; favoured [†¦] by foreign financiers [in the lust for] money and power and the means of extravagance and debauchery. † This year, the things are really disastrous. Chinas foreign debt reaches 900 million taels. The dynasty has gone bankrupt undertaking expensive reforms of the governmental administration, military and educational system. The new regime followed the West in the enchantment with democratic elements of constitution, representative assemblies, separation of governmental powers, and political parties. On my side, I was more interested to pacify gentry and to centralize state power having been dissolved after foreign intrusions and imperialistic affairs. For me as President, therefore, the prior task is to obtain the loan from the Four Group Powers in order to keep a strong and obedient military resource to establish the right type of government. My fame played to the benefit of the task. I do remember how Dr. Morrison, the then political adviser to the Chinese Government, was trading with Mr. Crisp, the head of the firm of C. B. Crisp Co, about the loan to pay for our administration needs this year, in 1912. We needed it badly in order not to depend so greatly on the Four Power Group, not to speak about Russia and Japan with their greed in regard to concessions. Then, the last persuasion for the â€Å"hard nut† Crisp to lend us ? 10,000,000 was delivered by Morrison in the words about my dictatorial position being the â€Å"benefit† of China. I am afraid, though, that we will have to owe the Four Group Allies ? 500,000,000, at the rate of ? 100,000,000 a year, not to forget about Japan and Russia trying to cut the fattest pieces of our cake in terms of territory, commerce and politics. Now I shall speak about my plans for the future. I really want to establish a â€Å"no-squeeze policy. † I believe that the modern Chinese state and nation should be centralised. The first step to do is to preserve the capital, thus, the centre of administrative authority, in Peking for the whole period of my office of President. Second, as I have never been a republican, I think about establishing a sort of a military dictatorship. I was often called the â€Å"strong man,† â€Å"a reputed reactionary,† and â€Å"arbitrary, tyrannical and self-indulgent† by my contemporaries, and, no doubt, I will be labelled like this by later researchers. My political opponents from the Kuomintang went even further referencing to me as nothing more than â€Å"[t]he fat bewhiskered general†. But even they can not deny that it was I who could build a strong army and placating fighting camps. That is why, in my opinion, there is no need to let those wordy democrats to spend time, effort and money on elections and the qualifications of voters. Let me stay â€Å"the strong dispenser of law and order† identifying the course of state policy by myself. Consequently, I plan to get rid of those tries to establish â€Å"popular sovereignty in the form of political parties and representative assemblies. † I watch them reorganising Sun Yat-sens Revolutionary Alliance into the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party, to dominate National Assembly after its election in December, 1912. I know that the trifle show with democratic elections for National/provincial/county assemblies could jeopardise the institute of centralised power I am planning to introduce. Later on, I will force the National Assembly to elect me as president for a long term, better for five years. Then, I will kick the Guomindang from the parliament because they are likely to assume too much political weight. The best solution will be also to dissolve all the assemblies that resemble a boiling pot, so â€Å"risky and messy† they are. Finally, I will do my best to consolidate all the state power in the hands of one person, and that person would be I. The best form to centralise power is monarchy, how ever discredited it has become. How about the British or Japanese constitutional model of the Emperor co-existing with the parliament? Lately, the title of â€Å"Grand Constitutional Emperor† has occurred to my mind as the best definition of the political system I want to achieve. Reanimating Confucianism as a state religion, there would be a chance to resurrect also the ideology of monarchism and to get back to traditional values, seeing also to the better economic and education opportunities to provide the nation with wealth and development. Bibliography Bowman, John S. , ed. Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Cantlie, James, and C. Sheridan Jones. Sun Yat Sen and the Awakening of China. New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1912. Croly, Herbert. Willard Straight. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1924. Eastman, Lloyd E. â€Å"The May Fourth Movement as a Historical Turning Point: Ecological Exhaustion, Militarization, and Other Causes of Chinas Modern Crisis. † In Perspectives on Modern China: Four Anniversaries, edited by Thomas P. Bernstein et al. Armonk, NY: An East Gate Book, 1991, 123-138. Hyndman, H. M. The Awakening of Asia. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1919. Leang-Li, TAng. China in Revolt: How a Civilization Became a Nation. London: N. Douglas, 1927.

A Brief Discussion of Genetic Diseases Essay -- Biology Genetic Disease

Since the discovery in 1928 via the Griffith experiment (an experiment dealing with bacterial transformation) that DNA carried genetic information, many important discoveries have been made regarding the human genome and its extent in the determination of phenotypic traits. Not least of these is the discovery and study of genetic disorders, or diseases caused by abnormalities within the genes. Disorders of this nature can be caused by a variety of factors. Some diseases such as Huntington's disease must be inherited, while others, such as some cancers, can be the result of environmental factors slowly mutating the genome over time. Still others can result from random errors in normal DNA replication. Typically, genetic disorders tend to be rare due to the ability of DNA to repair itself and also because of the tendency for damaged cells to undergo programmed cell death to preserve the overall health of the organism. However, when genetic disorders do appear, they represent a considerable problem for the afflicted, because although some are treatable and possibly manageable, very few, if any, are ever curable. DNA of a living individual cannot be altered by any existing technology. Nevertheless, research is continually improving our ability to treat these diseases, particularly with diseases such as cancer, trisomy, and Huntington's disease. Of particular interest in modern medicine is the study of the various forms of cancer and the genes involved in causing it. Cancer is a disease in which cells of the body mutate to the point where they lose the ability to regulate their division and DNA replication, causing uncontrollable growth to the extent of interfering with the function of normal, healthy cells... ...gton's Research. 26 August 2007. 1 December 2010 . National Cancer Institute. Common Cancer Types. 15 July 2010. 1 December 2010 . Reiness, Gary. Cancer Part II-Mutations and Cancer. 13 April 2000. 30 November 2010 . Starr, Barry. DNA Mutations Cause Cancer. 8 February 2008. 30 November 2010 . Woollams, Chris. Using Viruses To Treat Cancer. 2010. 1 December 2010 link.aspx?n=1106&Title=Using%20Viruses%20To%20Treat%20Cancer>. WordIQ.com. Experimental Cancer Treatment - Definition. 2010. 1 December 2010 .

Supply and Demand

Automotive Industry Supply and Demand Katharyn E. Moore Supply and Demand The automobile industry has certainly have seen fluctuations in supply and demand, especially in the last decade. The economic turmoil of the United States has only been one factor in supply and demand of vehicles. This is evident with employment and income of consumers, interest rates, gas prices and the consumers need for more efficient cars. The demand for more fuel-efficient transportation increases as gas prices rise and the supply for fuel-efficient cars also rises. Manufacturers will increase the supply of fuel-efficient cars to meet the demand. If the prices of these cars are more than what the consumer is willing to pay, the demand will decrease and inventory of these cars will increase. A decrease in price of the fuel-efficient care will cause the demand to increase and the manufacturer to increase supply at the price the consumer is willing to pay. Equilibrium is the supply and demand of fuel-efficient cars will meet at a price that the consumer is willing to pay and the price the manufacture will charge for the car (Colander, 2011). The resources needed for the industry whether it is employees, raw materials, financial and technology affect supply and demand in the automotive industry. These resources are needed to facilitate the making of vehicles and their supply either abundant or scarce will affect the industry. The unavailability of steel in manufacturing of fabricated metal product decreases the ability to supply the framework for a vehicle will decrease (Gross output by Industry, 2010). The manufacturer will have to decrease the supply. The limited availability will increase prices of metal and decreases demand for the product at a higher price. If the demand for cars is high, the manufacturer will have to pay the higher cost and forward that increase on to the consumer increasing the price of the car. The consumer may not want the higher cost car and demand for the car will decrease a factor in moving the supply and demand curves of cars. Alternatives in the automobile industry are ongoing as manufacturers are introducing more fuel-efficient cars as well as biofuel (e85) and electric cars. New technology and consumer preference of these alternatives will affect the supply and demand of vehicles. Consumer preference to a more ecological friendly vehicle increases demand and encourages supply increases from the manufacturer. Consumers have the opportunity to help the environment and decrease the usage for gas when renting a vehicle. Enterprise has added electric cars to their rental fleet along with hybrids and fuel-efficient vehicles (Finance News, 2011). The shift in demand for these vehicles will change the demand curve of alternative vehicles. Consumers are the important factor in supply and demand in the automobile industry. Our decisions of a fuel-efficient vehicle and the price we are willing to pay for these vehicles influence the supply and demand. We have choices as consumers, and these choices influence competition, pricing, and demand of vehicles available for purchase. The supplier will act accordingly to these demands and make available the supply of product the consumer wants. The demand for vehicles is dependent on pricing, new technology, fuel efficiency, alternative fuels and competition (Colander, 2011). These decisions will increase or decrease the supply and demand curves with these choices. With all of these and other factors the supply and demand curve will increase and decrease as the market changes with these influences. Supply and demand will always be changing as we choose to purchase products and services that we need for our psychological and physiological needs. References Colander (2011). Introduction into Macroeconomics. Macroeconomics (7th Ed. ), Chapter Four, United States: McGraw-Hill-Create. Finance News. (2011, October 27). Enterprise Rent-a-Car expands electric vehicle fleet. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from Yahoo. com website: http://finance. yahoo. com Gross output by Industry. (2010, December 14). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from Bureau of Economic Analysis website: http://www. bea. gov U. S. International Trade in goods and services. (2011, October 13). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from U. S. Census Bureau – Economic Analysis News website: http://www. bea. gov

How does Clint Eastwood, director of the film, Invictus, use the South African rugby team (the Springboks) as a vehicle to bring a troubled nation together? Essay

How does Clint Eastwood, director of the film, Invictus, use the South African rugby team (the Springboks) as a vehicle to bring a troubled nation together? Clint Eastwood shows the change in the nation of South Africa in Invictus, using the Springboks as a vehicle. He starts the film with large amounts of separation, followed by the steady change in the middle of the movie, and finishing with the nation combined. In the beginning of the film, Clint Eastwood shows how separated black and white people are and how they do not get along, due to the change of the government and the Springboks. Because of the change in government, Nelson Mandela’s staff started to pack their things up as if they were leaving their jobs, but Nelson Mandela stops them and says, ‘The past is the past, we look to the future now.’ Nelson Mandela has noticed the struggle between the two sides of the nation, and is willing to make a change. The nation is very separated at the beginning of the film, and Nelson Mandela thought rugby would be able to bring the two sides back together. To do this, Clint Eastwood made the start of the movie seem as if most South Africans did not like the Springboks and to make it seem like there would be some difficulty in bringing the nation together through the Springboks. Nelson Mandela said that, while he is in prison, he would cheer for any team who were versing the Springboks, encouraging the fact that South Africans did not like them. The Springboks were not liked at the beginning of the film because people thought that they still represented discrimination. An example of this happened during the film when the church is giving out some clothes to children. One child is handed a Springbok jersey but he turns it down and runs away, due to the chance of other children beating him up. After the child is gone, the ladies in the church say, â€Å"Why won’t he take it?† ‘If he wears it, the others will beat him up.’ â€Å"Because the Springboks are playing so badly?† ‘No. Because, for them, the Springboks still represent apartheid.’ – Ladies from the church. In the beginning of Invictus, everyone is very separate and many people dislike the Springboks. By starting the film like this, Clint Eastwood has set the story up for the audience to notice discrete change in the nation. In the film Invictus, Clint Eastwood showed the combining of the black and white people in South Africa. One thing that Eastwood made the Springboks do to bring the two sides of the nation together was to get them to host a coaching clinic for some children. At first the Springboks are not happy to do the coaching clinics, but do so anyway. At the start of the coaching clinic, all of the children race over to Chester and cheer for him, not paying any attention to the rest of the team. The Springboks begin to teach the children how to play rugby, teaching them throwing skills and how to kick goals. After a while, the children begin to open up to the rest of the team, and start to enjoy the game. Clint Eastwood did this to show how the nation began to come together through the Springboks. In the middle of the movie, it becomes more noticeable that the two sides of the nation are coming together because of the Springboks. Clint Eastwood used the Springboks to bring the nation together by gradually showing the acceptance of white people towards black people throughout the film. A parallel storyline that runs during the rugby match involves a South African child and some white police officers. This demonstrates acceptance. In the beginning of the scene, the South African child wanted to hear how the Springboks were playing by eavesdropping on a police officer’s car radio. At first, the police officers rudely send him away and continue to listen to the game. The African child still tries to get closer and closer, while pretending to collect soft drink cans. But, towards the end of the scene, the Springboks score and win the game, and the police become more accepting and forgiving. They begin to celebrate with the child and raise him up on their shoulders as if he were a mascot. Ironically, in the beginning of the film, the same child is seen refusing to wear a Springbok jersey. By using the same child in the beginning of the movie and towards the end, this shows the audience how the South Africans have changed their view on the Springboks. This acceptance of the Springboks showed the beginnings of a nation coming together. During the World Cup, the final game in the film, the scene occasionally cuts to shots of empty streets and empty houses. This technique shows that everyone is watching the game and that everyone is excited to see the outcome. Another thing Clint Eastwood did to show the black and white people combined is at the end of the movie. He used the world cup to symbolise the nation had been brought together. He did this by making Francois and Chester to both hold the World Cup up above their heads, showing the black and white hand together. By the end of the film Invictus, during the final scene, one can see that the crowd watching the rugby game has changed quite considerably, compared to the game in the start of the film where the Springboks play against England. During this game, Clint Eastwood makes it seem as though the crowd is not the main part of the scene, the game of rugby is. Clint Eastwood makes the focus before the game when Nelson Mandela comes out to greet the players. Then the focus comes off the idea that it is a game of rugby and shows how many people do not like Nelson Mandela. The crowd ‘boo’ and throw rubbish at him. At the end of the movie, the crowd is cheerful and excited. South Africans are cheering for the Springboks and everyone in Africa is witnessing the game. This makes the audience realise the difference between the crowds at the beginning and the end of the film showing how the nation became one. Clint Eastwood has shown the change of the nation through the Springboks by starting the film with distinctive separation between the two sides. By the middle, the Springboks have started to make small changes to unite the nation. By the end of the movie, it is clear that the Springboks are fundamental in making a large difference in uniting the nation. Word Count – 922

“THE CELTS WERE A BARBARIC AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLE.” TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU AGREE

â€Å"THE CELTS WERE A BARBARIC AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLE.† TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU AGREE essay on celts - gEORGIA WEBB"The celts were a barbaric and primitive people." to what extent do you agreeIn Iron Age and Medieval Europe, there were a group of tribal societies called the Celts that spread all across Europe. The Celts were believed to be semi-nomadic, moving all around Europe. Recent tells us that they were essentially located in central Europe and then migrated. More recent news, archaeological studies are now telling us that the Celts were in Europe from 1000 BC, occupying Eastern and Western Europe. The Celts spoke Celtic languages and with their own unique culture. The Celts were believed to be barbaric and primitive people, but why?It is to be believed that The Celts were "barbaric but this is only in the eyes of the Romans. Romans believed that every non-roman were "barbarians". The Celts did produce a flourishing culture that has impacted the entire world, complete with art, jewellery, and religion and housing.Overview map of the Hallstatt (yellow) and La Tà ¨n...One time in history, they were the dominant people of Europe. The Celts never being on single nation, but because of their lack of union, they were ultimately overawed by the Roman Empire. Its well known that the Celts were terrifying in battle to the opposition.Sacrifice was an initial part of Celts spiritual life and culture. Gifts of weapons, jewellery, art and even the blood of animals and humans were given to the gods in thanks to what they gave back to the Celts. They worshipped gods such as Dea Matres, Sulis, Epona and Sucellos and According to ancient sources, in honour of their gods they began to practise human sacrifices. An ancient source, Caesar tells us what the Celtics did once they won a battle. "When they have determined on a decisive battle, they dedicate as...

Free to a Good Home - Why You Should Not Give Pets Away

Free to a Good Home - Why You Should Not Give Pets Away Once you have taken an animal into your home and made him or her part of your family, you have an obligation to protect and nurture that animal because you made a commitment. The animal has a right to expect to be treated as a member of the family. And that’s what makes the issue of re-homing pets an animal rights issue. But sometimes life throws a curveball and there are circumstances beyond your control. If you have fallen into a situation where you need to find new homes for your companion animals, you are in a disastrous position indeed. If you care for your animals at all, you will take every precaution to ensure they are going to a forever loving home. If you are truly desperate and dont have the time or ability to vet a stranger offering to take your companion, your best move is to local rescues for assistance. Many are networked nationwide and work incredibly hard to secure safe alternatives for pets. If rescues cant immediately help, take him or her to a shelter, as much as it may pain you to do so. At least, the animal may be given a chance to find a good home. Having to surrender your companion animal to a shelter is not the best outcome, but its a better outcome than having your companion fall into the wrong hands.   Criminals easily prey on people who just want the animals to go to a good home. They know that sometimes you are pressed for time and apparently have no choice but to turn the animal over to you in your hour of need. They rely on that raw emotion you have over having to surrender your friend while time is running out. They try to convince you they will be good guardians, and you very much want to believe them, which works in their favor. First and foremost, always affix an adoption fee. People looking for animals to abuse will usually not pay a fee. You may even hear a sob story from someone who wants your animal but cant afford to pay an adoption fee. But chances are if they cant afford to pay a $50 adoption fee, what will they do when the animal needs to be seen by a veterinarian? How will they afford to keep up with dental cleanings, check-ups, and vaccines? Charging an adoption fee also prevents someone from taking your animals on a whim, and then, having lost interest, turning them in at the shelter or abandoning them on a dark, lonely street far from home. Abuse Torture Sick and amoral people cannot always be spotted on looks alone. Some individuals want your dogs and cats just to  abuse, torture and kill them. By charging an adoption fee, you make it much more difficult for these animal abusers to acquire animals - specifically, your animals. Dogfighting According to the Michigan State University Animal Legal and Historical Center, one of the methods used to train fighting dogs is to dangle a small dog, cat, rabbit or guinea pig on a rope in front of a dog who is forced to run on a treadmill or around a circle. Naturally, these small animals are terrified and the dog is given the animal to kill as a reward at the end of the session. Where do these animals come from? Some people steal animals right off the street or from a backyard. In dogfighting, dogs are trained to be vicious and trained to attack other animals, so-called bait animals. In a Florida shelter, an elderly woman and her clean-cut young son came to adopt a small animal. Ostensibly, the animal was to be â€Å"a companion† for the elderly woman. The pair went home with a small white mixed breed who was immediately thrown into a ring with a fighting dog and killed. Looks can be deceiving and people searching for dogs for this purpose will use any disguise, tell any l ies and use charm to separate you from your loving companion. Again, charging an adoption fee makes it more difficult for someone to acquire animals for dogfighting. B Dealers Although there are breeding facilities to supply the animal-testing industry with dogs and cats, some laboratories attempt to cut corners by hiring dishonest intermediaries who deal in stolen pets. A woman named Barbara Ruggiero was such a dealer, referred to as a Class B dealer, a random source animal dealer regulated by the  USDA  to sell animals to laboratories for experimentation. Class B dealers sometimes acquire animals in unscrupulous ways, and charging a small adoption fee makes your animal unprofitable to them. Finding a New Home It is strongly recommended that you affix an adoption fee. You can always waive the fee if you find someone you truly trust. Whether or not you charge an adoption fee, there are steps you can take to make sure your animals are going to a good home: Home visit: Visit the potential adopters home and speak with the other family members. Are there other pets in the home? Who will care for the animals? Does anyone have allergies? Where will the animals live? If there are children, make sure that the adults know that they should be responsible for the animals; not the children. If the potential adopter doesn’t live near you, ask a rescue in the town where s/he lives to visit the home. Because of Facebook and Petfinder, the perfect guardian may be miles away, even in another state. Rescues often have volunteers to help you facilitate your adoption and put your mind at ease. PilotsNPaws may be able to transport your companion anywhere in the country where you find a suitable home. Consider relatives who live out of state; they may be willing to adopt your precious family member.Ask for references: Call the references and ask if the family has taken good care of their current or past pets. Ask what happened to their past pets - d id they die of natural causes after fifteen years, or did they seem to disappear after a few weeks? Ask for a vet reference: Call their current or past veterinarian and ask about the familys other pets and how well they were cared for. The vet may not give you very detailed information, but confirm that they have a relationship with a vet and ask whether the vet recommends the family as good  guardians.Animal abuser registry:  Animal abuser registries  are growing rapidly in response to public pressure. If you live in an area that has such a registry, be sure to take advantage of it. They list local people who have been convicted of animal cruelty in the past so that shelters and rescue groups can avoid them.Google  them: Whether or not someone has a history of animal abuse, an internet search might turn up past crimes and brushes with the law.Be prepared to take the animal back. You may have taken all of the important steps, but the pet may not be a good match for this family. Maybe your dog doesnt get along with their current dog. Maybe a family member has a previously un known allergy. To keep your animals safe, you have to be prepared to take them back and let the adopter know that you will take the animal back if it doesnt work out. Have the adopter sign a pet adoption contract.  Petrescue.com offers boilerplate adoption contracts that can be downloaded and printed outNever use Craigslist. Because Craigslist offers free or cheap items, those surfing Craigslist are looking for free cats and dogs. Even if you do have a fee, they’re confident they can con you into waiving it. Craigslist is never a good place to advertise an animal. Horror stories abound about animals given away to someone who found him or her on Craigslist. With reputable databases such as Petfinder and all the breed rescue sites, why would someone even be looking on Craigslist? Because they don’t want to deal with the paperwork and systems these sites have put in place to protect their animals.Breed Rescue If your animal is a purebred, reach out to the specific breed rescue and ask them to step in. Frequently they have a waiting list of anxious, but vetted, adopters. German Shepherd Dog Rescue and Siamese Rescue are two examples of a specific breed rescue group. If you still have doubts about the safety of giving your animal away to someone without vetting them first, consider these cases. In 2007, Anthony Appolonia of Aberdeen, NJ, convicted of  torturing and killing 19 cats and kittens, many which came from local free to a good home advertisements in the newspaper. Local rescuers had given him the cats but became suspicious when Appolonia requested additional cats. In 1998,  Class B dealer Barbara Ruggiero  and two accomplices were found guilty of felony grand theft of dogs in Los Angeles, CA, after they answered hundreds of free to a good home ads and then sold the dogs to laboratories,  to be used in experiments. The information on this website is not legal advice and is not a substitute for legal advice. For legal advice, please consult an attorney. Doris Lin, Esq.  is an animal rights attorney and Director of Legal Affairs for the Animal Protection League of NJ.

Twelve Tribes of Israel

Twelve Tribes of Israel The Twelve Tribes of Israel represent the traditional divisions of the Jewish people in the biblical era. The tribes were Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Benjamin, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Ephraim and Manasseh. The Torah, the Jewish Bible, teaches that each tribe was descended from a son of Jacob, the Hebrew forefather who became known as Israel. Modern scholars disagree. The Twelve Tribes in the Torah Jacob had two wives, Rachel and Leah, and two concubines, by whom he had 12 sons and a daughter. Jacobs favorite wife was Rachel, who bore him Joseph. Jacob was quite open about his preference for Joseph, the prophetic dreamer, above all others. Josephs brothers were jealous and sold Joseph into slavery in Egypt. Josephs rise in Egypt- he became a trusted vizier of the pharaoh- encouraged the sons of Jacob to move there, where they prospered and became the Israelite nation. After Josephs death, an unnamed Pharaoh makes slaves of the Israelites; their escape from Egypt is the subject of the Book of Exodus. Under Moses and then Joshua, the Israelites capture the land of Canaan, which is divided up by tribe. Of the remaining ten tribes, Levi was scattered throughout the region of ancient Israel. The Levites became the priestly class of Judaism. A portion of the territory was given to each of Josephs sons, Ephraim and Menasseh. The tribal period endured from the conquest of Canaan through the period of Judges until the kingship of Saul, whose monarchy brought the tribes together as one unit, the Kingdom of Israel. Conflict between Sauls line and David created a rift in the kingdom, and the tribal lines reasserted themselves. Historical View Modern historians consider the notion of the twelve tribes as descendants of a dozen brothers to be simplistic. It is more likely that the story of the tribes was one created to explain affiliations between groups inhabiting the land of Canaan subsequent to the writing of the Torah. One school of thought suggests that the tribes and their story arose in the period of the Judges. Another holds that the federation of the tribal groups happened after the flight from Egypt, but that this united group didnt conquer Canaan at any one time, but rather occupied the country bit by bit. Some scholars see the tribes supposedly descended from the sons born to Jacob by Leah- Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Zebulun and Issachar- to represent an earlier political grouping of six that was expanded by later arrivals to twelve. Why Twelve Tribes? The flexibility of the twelve tribes- the absorption of Levi; the expansion of Josephs sons into two territories- suggests that the number twelve itself was an important part of the way the Israelites saw themselves. In fact, biblical figures including Ishmael, Nahor, and Esau were assigned twelve sons and subsequently nations divisible by twelve. The Greeks also organized themselves around groups of twelve (called amphictyony) for sacred purposes. As the unifying factor of the Israelite tribes was their dedication to a single god, Yahweh, some scholars argue that the twelve tribes are simply an imported social organization from Asia Minor. The Tribes and Territories Eastern  · Judah · Issachar · Zebulun Southern  · Reuben · Simeon · Gad Western  · Ephraim · Manesseh · Benjamin Northern  · Dan · Asher · Naphtali Although Levi was dishonored by being denied territory, the tribe of Levi became the highly honored priestly tribe of Israel. It won this honor because of its reverence for Yahweh during the Exodus.

Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econometrics - Assignment Example For RM (average number of rooms in the owner occupied housing in the census tract), in the first variant, a 1 percent change in RM causes 0.329 % change in MV (the median housing price). In the second variant, a 1 percent change in RM causes a 0.0306 % change in the median housing price (MV). Eventually, a 1 percent changes in RM causes a 0.294 % change in the median housing price in the third variant. In the second variable, the weighted distance to five major employment centers in the Boston region (DIS), the order of coefficients; 0.028, 0.027, and 0.027 in absolute values. In the criteria of absolutism, a one percent change in DIS causes a reduction of median housing price by 0.028 in the first variant, a reduction of 0.027 in the second variant, and a reduction of 0.027 in the third variant. In the third variable, nitrogen oxide concentrations in parts per hundred million (NOX), the coefficients are 1.479 and 1.529 in the second and third variants respectively. These figures suggest that 1 percent change in nitrogen oxide concentration increases the medium housing price by 1.479 in the second variant and by 1.529 in the third variant. Beta coefficient is the measure of the sensitivity of the estimates in influencing the median housing price. In the estimates, the beta coefficient is the slope of the model summarized into ÃŽ ²0, ÃŽ ²1, ÃŽ ²4, ÃŽ ²3, and ÃŽ ²2. Normally, the coefficients would imply 1 percentage change in the estimate 1 and 2 would cause an increase of 0.566 and 0.0261. However, using the beta approach, the two coefficients are below, suggesting that they are below the median housing price. 6. Suppose in model (3) I added in the variable NOX DCHAS, resulting in ln(MVi) = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1RMi + ÃŽ ²2 ln(DISi) +ÃŽ ²3NOXi + ÃŽ ²4DCHAS;i + ÃŽ ²5 NOX DCHAS +Æ i . How would the interpretation of Æ 3 change in model (3) after the inclusion of this variable? What is the interpretation of Æ 5 in this model? 9. Given

Fair Labor Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fair Labor Standards - Essay Example This implies that the non-exempt personnel must work for over 40 hours a week to qualify for the overtime pay in which the employer is mandated to offer three quarters times their normal wage rate. It is also apparent that the exempt employees in the white-collar job category cannot benefit from the pay. The proposed changes to the FLSA since 1938 is that it allowed the employment of 16-year-old children in the agricultural sectors, but still prohibited those under that age. This is meant to defend the educational prospects of minors and rule out their employment in jobs deemed hazardous and injurious to their health. These laws differ from the 1938 regulations because it specifies the minimum amount that workers in the private sector, federal or local authorities should receive (Whittaker, 2002). I think these changes benefit both employers and employees because it prevents exploitation of workers by unscrupulous managers who underpay their workers. Similarly, it also benefits the managers since it reduces chances of industrial unrests from workers who feel mistreated or overworked. The controversy associated with these modifications is that the exempt workers feel discriminated against by the legislators and labor officials. For instance, the union’s objections are that the government should treat all workers equally regarding the overtime allowances and the proposed new rates for the working hours since this could deny the workers their established privileges (Whittaker,

Comparison essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison - Essay Example Similarly, the brutality of James Elroy’s â€Å"L.A Confidential† is adapted for screen by Curtis Hanson with a distinct underlying homage to Bogart’s portrayal of life-weary detectives, which is further highlighted by the simultaneous portrayal of heightened, stark realism which was lacking from the classic film noir pictures pre-1950. The opening sequences and title scenes of both films play a vital role in engaging the audience and preparing the audience as to what to expect from the movie with great effect. L.A. Confidential begins with historical footage of a prosperous pre-1950s Los Angeles city in which the celebrated â€Å"American Dream† is symbolised through the narrative. This places the audience at ease, increasing a sense of dramatic irony through the ideological portrayal that the symbolic â€Å"American Dream† is easily attainable. However, the old footage depicting idyllic family life is slowly juxtaposed and interspersed â€Å"the underbelly of America† and the â€Å"city the politicians don’t want you to see†. As such, the contrast heightens the thought provoking intentions of Curtis Hanson on the audience. In utilising the old footage, Hanson directly takes the audience to the era of the â€Å"The Big Sleep† however the â€Å"The Big Sleep† itself takes a more subtle approach to the subversion of the ideological American Dream, with equal effect. The opening scene of â€Å"The Big Sleep† creates a sense of isolation, which directly engages with the audience, beginning with the vivid image of the silhouette of a man and a woman, both smoking and blowing away the opening credit titles. The visual image of the smoke increases the sense of mystery and symbolises the underlying concept of a smokescreen, hiding the reality underneath the â€Å"Big Sleep†. This further indicates two possibilities, which

Concept of Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concept of Self - Essay Example The self develops out of a conversation, by using symbols. Mead was responsible for developing the concept of symbolic interaction, the most important factor in human social relationships. Symbolic interaction consists of interpretation, that is, comprehension of the meaning of other person's actions. The foundation of cooperation is social relations and it relies on the communication process in which meanings are conveyed. Non-symbolic interactions are those in which partners respond to each other's actions directly. Mead emphasized that the interactions and even cooperation, as seen in animals is purely biological. As against this, humans can interpret and mutually define their actions, rather than just reacting to them. In Mead's opinion, human thought, experience and conduct are essentially social. Human beings interact with each other in terms of symbols; the most important of which are contained in language. Without symbols, humans will not interact and therefore no human society. Mead was of the opinion that animals respond through gestures, but their interactions are unconscious and non-rational. Only human beings are capable of abstract thinking. The human mind can have inner conversation and adopt an attitude towards oneself. Human cognition has a symbolic nature. Animals, according to Mead, do not possess this ability, for they do not possess self. AccoAccording to Mead, self distinguishes humans from the world of nature. He distinguished two aspects of self: subjective I and objective Me. I is responsible for interpretative reactions towards social stimuli. This aspect is responsible for creativity, spontaneity, and unpredictability at times. I is the basis of self-image. The me aspect is the social self, developed in accordance with other people's views and expectations. This social fact is what separates human beings from animals. Views of H.Blumer - The Interacting Self Blumer opined that human interaction is influenced by symbols, interpretation, or addition of significance to other humans' actions. He maintained that symbolic interaction is typically human field of operation. He said that the mental and cognitive aspect of constructing meanings excludes both interaction between human and nonhuman animals and interaction between nonhuman animals themselves. According to Blumer, a human being can be an object of his own action. He can act toward himself and guide himself toward others on the basis of the object he is to himself. This process involves a selection of the objects considered relevant for the individual and an appropriate handling of the meanings of those objects. As against Mead, Blumer stresses on the I side of the self. This I is built socially, as it is a result

Gaps in Security Management of a Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Gaps in Security Management of a Company - Essay Example Most of the interventions are related to such matters that are associated with internal matters of the businesses. All the companies, for the purpose of perfecting their security system depend over computer networking and it is known as computer information security system. Despite taking all such initiatives, on several occasions, these companies fail to provide adequate protection to their confidential strategies or information as they often presume that due to development in the networking process the computer information security system is cent percent protected. On the other hand, if we look into the reflection of information and communication department of various countries, we will understand from their reaction that the computer information security system can also be breached. There are various techniques that help the other competing companies to avail information about any particular company. Thus, complete dependence over the computer information security system will not be a very prudent decision. In this context it must also be mentioned that there are several companies that feel illegal interventions can easily be prevented but it is impossible for the person concerned with the security related matter to manage a large network as well as provide proper protection to the database of the company. Though these days computer security system is considered as the most important method of preventing trespass of confidential information, but there are several other ways that contribute to a considerable extent.

Process and Change Managment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process and Change Managment - Research Paper Example This continuous change has affected the relationship status of people with places, things, ideas, organization and other people. These changes require new adaptability level for organizations and individuals. 2.2 Business process reengineering In the current business environment, global organizations are going through a change which is continuous and rapid. Increasingly driven by competition, consumers and change, companies are vigorously trying new ways in order to make their business and organizations more competitive and effective. Companies are evaluating and analyzing their current structures, goals and systems in order to find out new and more efficient solutions to their business issues. A new era came into existence, when high profile organizations such as Taco Bell and IBM came up with an extraordinary solution to improve their present condition. This solution was business process reengineering. This solution then became a rage and was followed by many others such as Hallmar k which totally re-engineered its process of new-product development and Kodak, who went on to reengineer its black and white process of film manufacturing (Hindle, 2008). BPR was regarded a novel approach for organizational and corporate change and since then, it is quite popular. During the early 19th century, the concept of reengineering was first developed. After examining the way information technology affected the business process, it was renamed as business process reengineering (Sturdy, 2010). BPR was then described as radical redesign and fundamental rethinking of business process with the objective of achieving dramatic improvements in contemporary and critical performance measures such as quality, cost, speed and service. 2.3 Challenges... This paper approves that in the current business environment, global organizations are going through a change which is continuous and rapid. Increasingly driven by competition, consumers and change, companies are vigorously trying new ways in order to make their business and organizations more competitive and effective. Companies are evaluating and analyzing their current structures, goals and systems in order to find out new and more efficient solutions to their business issues. Even though BPR has been recognized for its effective and quick recovery strategies, there are many challenges during its implementations. This essay makes a conclusion that In the current study, one of the most recognized concepts â€Å"Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has been evaluated as a tool for change management. BPR has been recognized as an effective approach to management which is applied and adopted widely by organizations for successful and effective results. Support and commitment are important factors for success in BPR projects. Support of top management in terms of resources, capital and leadership for project life is essential which otherwise will weaken the projects and its success chances. Proper communication and teamwork are also vital for successful BPR applications. Apart from the above factors a BPR project will be successful if it is conducted according to the overall strategy of the organization. If the company strategy and BPR projects do not complement each other, the business will only achieve gains which are short term and will lose chances of long term improvements in performance.

Gaps in Security Management of a Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Gaps in Security Management of a Company - Essay Example Most of the interventions are related to such matters that are associated with internal matters of the businesses. All the companies, for the purpose of perfecting their security system depend over computer networking and it is known as computer information security system. Despite taking all such initiatives, on several occasions, these companies fail to provide adequate protection to their confidential strategies or information as they often presume that due to development in the networking process the computer information security system is cent percent protected. On the other hand, if we look into the reflection of information and communication department of various countries, we will understand from their reaction that the computer information security system can also be breached. There are various techniques that help the other competing companies to avail information about any particular company. Thus, complete dependence over the computer information security system will not be a very prudent decision. In this context it must also be mentioned that there are several companies that feel illegal interventions can easily be prevented but it is impossible for the person concerned with the security related matter to manage a large network as well as provide proper protection to the database of the company. Though these days computer security system is considered as the most important method of preventing trespass of confidential information, but there are several other ways that contribute to a considerable extent.

Human Resource Management methods. Examples Essay

Human Resource Management methods. Examples - Essay Example Similarly, rather than investing money on training money firms are coming up with innovative methods to boost the productivity of their employees. These methods are by giving your employees good working condition, giving them better machinery to work with, increase supervision through the use of modern technology like CCTV, giving them chance of recreational activities and by creating better information flow networks. This is to evaluate the proposed training session on the directive of managing director according to the letter which HR department received on 12 April 2007. The reference number for this letter was "xHRMD". We will evaluate this training session under following techniques: As I told you in our meeting that training and development represent a planned effort by an organization to facilitate its employees learning new job related behaviors. Training usually involves involve two things, a) it involves teaching how to do their job efficiently that is taking less times in the tasks they do, and b) it involves teaching the employees skills necessary not only for present job but also to prepare them for future jobs. However, as managing director has said that the training session is going to improve the morale of the company, this may be wrong as training session might not improve the morale of the employees as many business managers believe that it is nothing but rewards that improve the motivation level of the employees.1 Motivation basically is the when employees are feeling happy and are satisfied with their jobs. The MD of the company might argue that when employees know how to do their work well they may be happy and satisfied. But the argument given b y the managing director might not always be right. Suppose, the employees are working in their present job from decades and know each every thing about the job and know how to do their job well, so one might say that teaching them might not motivate them. However, what will motivate them in the current scenario is good pay or financial security, job security and other needs as suggested by one of the management guru Maslow. Maslow argued that there are levels of motivation and after each level is fulfilled there is a need to fulfill another one to motivate the workers. Suppose, when a person joins the work, at that time he will not have that much money and might need more money to build property and life. At that point, he believes, that money will be the best motivator. You pay your workers well and they will be motivated. Once he has achieved the level of financial security he'll move on to the other level. Now he might want job security i-e he will not want promotion in job and k nowing that he will not be fired. Now these factors will become his motivating

Distribution Channel And Parle Essay Example for Free

Distribution Channel And Parle Essay Introduction The bread and biscuits constitutes the largest segments of consumer foods in India. Both Biscuits and Bread are items of mass consumption in our Country. Almost 2 million tons of biscuits are produced in India each year and consumption is growing at 10-12 per cent annually. The per capita  consumption of biscuits in the country is about 1.52 kg annually. Contrary to popular belief that biscuits are consumed by the middle and high income groups, it is actually the only nutritious and hygienic food product for children, lower income groups and the rural population. Nearly 50 per cent of biscuits produced are consumed in rural areas and 30 per cent by income groups earning below Rs 750 per month. Every 100 gm of glucose biscuits roughly provides 20 per cent of energy, protein and calcium required by an average adult. So as to explore the opportunities in these sectors, a large no. of companies is trying to increase their consumer base in these areas. For this they are offering various promotional schemes in order to make their brand familiar to consumers and to have a Competitive edge. Parle G Industries has made a rapid progress in the variety, quality and quantity of biscuits and baked foods and has become India’s biggest brands and the preeminent food brand of the country. It is equally recognized for its innovative approach to products and marketing. The company’s offerings are spread across the spectrum with products ranging from the healthy and economical. About the company In 1929 a small company by the name of Parle products emerged in British dominated India.The intent was to spread joy and cheer to children and adults alike, all over the country with its sweets and candies. The company knew that it wouldn’t be an easy task, but they decided to take the brave step. A small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai, to manufacture sweets and toffees. The Parle brand became well known in India following the success of products such as the Parle-G biscuits and Thums Up soft drink. The original Parle Company was split into three separate companies: Parle Products Parle Agro Parle Bisleri Today, the great strength of Parle Products is the extremely widespread distribution network. Even at the remotest places, you can buy Parle biscuits and sweets from the local grocer. It has taken years to create this  extensive network. Parle’s sales force started with one salesman in Bombay and some agents in few other cities. Gradually, Parle Products expanded. Soon sweets and biscuits were being sent by rail to Calcutta, Delhi, Karachi, Madras and other major cities. As production increased, distribution was amplified. Full time salesmen were appointed in different areas. Currently, Parle Products has over 33, 00,000 distribution outlets. Distribution Channel Network of Parle-G Intensive Distribution- Parle uses, Intensive Distribution for Parle G. This is the ideal strategy for the market leader as intensive distribution has the following advantages; Increases coverage and sales. Increases product availability. Encourages retailers to compete aggressive. Higher competition leads to narrower margins for the retails hence, increases the ultimate margin for the manufacturer. Channel members of the distribution network: The Parle distribution network for biscuits has essentially four levels as enlisted below: Parle Depots Wholesalers and Distributers Carry Forward Agents (if required) Retailers Channel members and logistics: Parle has nearly 1500 wholesalers, catering to 425000 retail outlets directly or indirectly. A two hundred strong dedicated field force services these wholesalers and retailers. Additionally, there are 31 depots and Carry and Forward agents supplying goods to the wide distribution network. Parle has level 1, level 2, level 3 distribution channels levels. Level1- Availability at all departmental stores across the length and breadth of the country. Level2- Channel exists for customers scattered throughout the country. Level3-Mass consumption and suitable for National and International coverage. Channel Dynamics: Parle has a multi-channel marketing system since it uses more than two marketing channels to reach all its customer segments. Parle Distribution Network Logistics Selection of Channel Members: Parle takes into consideration a host of factors while selecting the channel members. This is because it believes that selection of channel members is a long run decision and the rest of the decision regarding the supply chain depends upon the efficiency and coverage by the channel members. The following are the host of factors considered by the company in selecting the channel members: Authentication is required by the regarding the identity of the channel members, which includes the name and address, photograph of the location. Proof of solvency which requires name and address of the channel member’s bankers Safety of the inventory, which means that the distributor/ dealer should get the stock of the company insured. Inventory or the perishable goods kept by the distributor/ dealer should be in good condition which means a detail of storage space and Refrigeration facility is to be provided. Details of the delivery vehicle, which includes the fo llowing. 1. Light Commercial Vehicles: 2. Matador 3. 3 Wheeler Van 4. Tricycle Van and Hand/Push cart. 5. The number and model of each of the vehicle needs to be furnished to the company. Company acknowledges the fact that it needs to be sensitive to the market demands. For this it requires that a number of salesmen needs to be present on the field. The salesmen too are divided into various categories like 1. The Field salesmen 2. Counter salesmen The details of Clerical Staff and labour are to be provided. The technical competence of the salesmen needs to be mentioned. Details of the various products of other companies that the channel member keeps have to be  provided. The following also need to be furnished with the above: 1. The annual sales of these products have to be mentioned. 2. Details of complementary products and product lines need to be mentioned. Dealers of the company must carry a good reputation. This is due to the fact that Parle believes that the reputation of the dealer affects the clientele in the long run. Market coverage by the distributors needs to be defined which includes details of Geographic coverage and Outlets per market area. The company also requires the dealers to furnish any Advertising and Sales initiative undertaken by them on behalf of the company. Channel Members of the Parle Distribution Network a) Distributors: One of the main factors, which keep the distributors motivated, is the margin. Usually the margins offered by Parle are 8%. Now-a-days it has been raised to 8.5%. Volume wise this comes out to be a big figure since Parle’s product has a good demand in the market. However compared to the other companies the margins are still lower since the new players in the market offer a much higher margin. But the very fact that Parle’s products have good demand in the market motivates the distributors to stock it. Parle Products being a cooperative cannot afford to give heavy monetary incentives. Parles products are considered to be value for money since the company does not believe in charging high margins. In fact all monetary incentives are just the short run means to promote the company’s product. b) The Retailers: Trade schemes: these are undertaken by the company only for the hard selling items. Glow boards: the company puts up glow boards at the retailer and pays the major portion of the cost. Schedule of the salesmen: they provide the retails with this schedule so the retailers can pre -estimate the quantities of the various products needed. Infrastructure facilitation: the company facilitates the retailers to buy beautiful stalls by formulating an easy payment program and a commitment to buy back the equipment at a reasonable price when the value of the equipment has depreciated. Distribution Channel and Parle The company’s strength is in the procurement of raw materials and essentially not the distribution of its product. Even though Parle is the market leader in biscuits. But, distribution logistics is the industry’s main problem. While the other companies fail to replenish demand due to lack in procurement of rawmaterial, Parle’s inventory management is sound. Parle has loyal cooperatives that provide products only to them, over time the relationship of trust has built up with these people that Parle leverages now. The transport channel is another strong point for Parle. As these transporters have grown with the company overtime; the bonding with them enables the company to give least margins when it comes to the distributors in the industry, lowering the costs. Parle believes that there is an ongoing demand in the market and therefore no promotions are needed to increase the sales, also the fact this would affect the cost of the product the company doesn’tundertake many promotion schemes. Parle is able to provide products at the least price in the industry, and is able to give least channel margins as the channel members earn through volumes and not through high margins. The company has been able to push its new products into the market by hooking them onto the fast moving products like Parle butter bite. Because of the strong relationship that Parle shares with the constituent channel members, it forces the channel members to carry all its new products. Suggestions for Distribution Channel The following are the suggestions that Parle can implement to better its distribution channels: Increase the margins: In order to motivate the channel members it is also very essential for the company to increase the margins for the hard selling items. Pushcarts: These should be increased in number in order to increase the market reach (especially the rural market). This can provide with a very effective channel. Parle should also go in for ‘Parle’ Zones: It is primarily for big city retail outlets. Here all the Parle products can be stalked. This can be an effective mode of umbrella marketing. This strategy can be implemented in regions where the footfalls are large in number. The advantages of this alternative channel would be as follows: 1. Full range display. 2. Easier to promote new products. 3. Easy to push impulse purchase products. 4. The Parle Brand building exercise will be enhanced.

What are Emotions? Essay -- Psychology Emotional Essays

What are Emotions? What are emotions and do they affect those we relate to in our daily lives. Webster’s Dictionary describes emotions as an affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, or the like is experienced. One can easily see emotions are a strong surge of feelings. These feelings could be happy, sorrowful, joyful, and anxious. You know these feelings and have probably experienced them all from time to time. Different situations will affect our emotions and cause them to change, but can our emotions affect the people that surround us? Do people adjust their attitudes and emotions according to those they are around? In Alice Walker’s, â€Å"Am I Blue,† she is deeply affected by the horse and the different emotions it displays. Blue’s emotions affected the way she was feeling. If she felt that he was happy, then she too felt happy. In Walker’s essay, she speaks about Blue’s reaction to loosing his companion and how he grieved. Alth ough he was in a beautiful place, with thousands of acres to run, he had no one to share this with; therefore he became devastated and sad. After reading this article, a pre-school/kindergarten teacher decided to see how her moods and emotions would affect her students. Would their actions and behavior depend solely on the emotions she was experiencing? After watching and observing them over a period of time and experiencing both good moods and bad moods, this is what she found. Emotions or one’s emotional state definitely affects how we function and interact with others, especially children. When a teacher is in a good mood, he/ she will exercise more energy and will display more patience with his/her students. This will have a positive affect on the clas... ...y will ask someone else. If the teacher continues to be in a state of emotional stress, his/ her students will begin to have fear. Also, they may not have the eagerness to learn; they won’t ask questions because they’re afraid to ask. Whether the teacher is in a good mood or a bad mood, their emotions will affect those they are teaching. In conclusion, one can tell emotions affect everyone in both positive and negative ways. On order to be a good teacher, one must exude energy, patience, knowledge, and creativity at all times. Therefore, it is very important for a teacher to try to leave any negative emotions; he/she may be feeling at home. If a teacher displays negative emotions, it will not only affect his/her students, but it will also take away from one or all the qualities he/she should posses in order to be a good and affective teacher.

Is Justice Profitable? Essay -- Glaucon Philosophy Philosophical Essay

Is Justice Profitable? Glaucon attempted to prove that injustice is preferable to justice. At first, Glacon agreed with Socrates that justice is a good thing, but implored on the nature of its goodness? He listed three types of â€Å"good†; that which is good for its own sake (such as playing games), that which is good is good in itself and has useful consequences (such as reading), and that which is painful but has good consequences (such as surgery). Socrates replied that justice "belongs in the fairest class, that which a man who is to be happy must love both for its own sake and for the results." (45d) Glaucon then reaffirmed Thrasymachus’s position that unjust people lead a better life than just people. He started that being just is simply a formality for maintaining a good reputation and for achieving one’s goals. He claimed that the only reason why a person would choose to be unjust rather than just due to the fear of punishment. This is supported by the story of the shepherd w ho became corrupted as a result of finding a ring which made him invisible. He took over the kingdom through murder and intrigue since he knew there could be no repercussions for his unjust actions. In addition, Adiamantus stated that unjust people did not need to fear divine punishment since appeals could be made to Gods’ egos via sacrifices. Finally, Glaucon gave an example of the extreme unjust person who has accumulated great wealth and power which he juxtaposed with an extreme moral man who is being punished unjustly for his crimes. Clearly, injustice is preferable to justice since it provides for a more fruitful life. â€Å"Is justice profitable?† Glacon’s argument to Socrates may appear very convincing at first glance. People who succeed in li... ...s less likely. Last but not least, injustice does not provide the most good for the most number of people. Just acts spawn other just acts just like unjust acts spawn other unjust acts. If everyone behaved unjustly, mankind would return to a state of nature (everyone is for themselves) which would be very unprofitable for the unjust individual due to a decreased likelihood of survival. An action is clearly unprofitable for the unjust individual if it would eventually create a hostile environment for him. Hence, one should set an example for others by living a just life which would create a better environment for him as well as for others. To sum up, justice is more profitable than injustice because it does not lead to true happiness, it gives way to possibility of punishment, and it creates a pattern of behavior which if universalized would lead to disaster.

How the State Profits from War Essay

One of the most enduring misconceptions in economics is that war is beneficial to the economy (Moffatt, n. pag. ). This myth was further perpetuated by the economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman, who wrote: â€Å"Ghastly as it may seem, (the destruction of the World Trade Center) could even do some economic good†¦ the driving force behind the economic slowdown has been a plunge in business investment. Now, all of a sudden, we need some new office buildings† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). Indeed, bad economics reign in moments of crisis and or panic, when people are desperate for solutions. To refute the alleged benefits of the â€Å"War Economy,† critiques use the â€Å"fallacy of the broken window† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). When a vandal throws a brick through a shop’s window and the shop’s owner has to spend, say, $200 for the window’s repair, the people will think that the defacer has given a positive contribution to society. After all, the repair of the broken window meant an â€Å"instant boost in employment and economic activity† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). But what these short-sighted citizens didn’t know was that the $200 that was spent on fixing the window could have been used in ventures that might have advanced the shop owner’s enterprise. Unfortunately, proponents of the â€Å"War Economy† assumed that â€Å"(since) a broken window can stimulate the economy, (it must be better) when literally thousands of them are broken† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). For them, wars are crucial for the survival of modern economies (Cline, n. pag. ). â€Å"War Economy† advocates believed that almost every industry is involved with providing goods and services to the armed forces (uniforms, food, medicines, weapons manufacturing, etc. ). Hence, should war be eliminated, these businesses, particularly technology and manufacturing, will fold up. Another argument of the backers of the â€Å"War Economy† is that it is the fastest solution to an economic slump (Moffatt, n. pag. ). When the economy is undergoing recession, production is low and people are spending less than usual. But when the government goes into war, it will need weapons and equipment for its soldiers. Economic activity is therefore expected to increase due to the rise both in government spending and the private sector’s business transactions with the miliatry. Corporations will scramble for contracts that will allow them to supply uniforms, vehicles and bombs to the army. These companies will have to hire more workers to keep up with the increase in demand, lowering the unemployment rate in the process. There are even some workers who will be employed to replace those who volunteered as reservists abroad. Since the unemployment rate is decreased, consumers will spend more again. Increased consumption, in turn, will boost the retail sector. At the end of the day, there will be overall economic growth, thanks to the government preparing for war. However, critics contended that the above-mentioned projected economic advancement is at the expense of helpless civilians from Third World countries (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). In 2002, annual global military expenditures were estimated to be more than $800 billion (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). The United States was at the top of this list, spending $343. 2 billion yearly (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Canada earned more than $3 million from selling weapons in the same year (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). According to the United Nations Platform for Action Committee – Manitoba (UNPAC-Manitoba) article The Economics of War (n. d. ), â€Å"a large part of the economies of all of the world’s wealthiest countries derives from the sale of weapons† (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). From 1996 to 2000, the US exported $54 billion worth of arms – 45% of the total amount of weapons that was exported around the world (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Russia came second at $21 billion (17%), followed by France ($11 billion or 9%), the United Kingdom ($8 billion or 7%) and Germany ($6 billion or 5%) (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). As a result, says the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2002, 500,000 firearm-related deaths occur annually (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Each year, land mines kill 15,000-20,000 children and adults (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Iraq’s cancer rates rose to 700% between 1991 and 1994 due to chemical weapons, while 86 million people have perished in hostilities after World War II (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). The Iraq war in 2003 was the latest example of how the US turned war into a money-making venture. It was â€Å"rooted in the logic of global monopoly capital, specifically American capitalism, to expand into an empire† (Barona, 33). Despite being packaged as a â€Å"terrorist war,† (to instill fear among detractors) it was brought about by the globalization policies of American multinational companies, particularly the US oil industry and the military-industrial complex (MIC) (Barona, 33). Iraq is one of the world’s biggest oil reserves – it, along with other OPEC countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, has 79% of the world’s total oil supply (__________, 16). For the US to have unlimited access to Iraq’s oil, it simply had to remove Saddam Hussein, a staunch US opponent, from power. Back home, the US economy was sustained by military spending – the injection of fresh capital was necessary to revive an economy that would continue to deteriorate if left to the â€Å"free market† (Barona, 33). But the Iraq war proved to be disastrous for the US economy. The US spends $200 million daily just to be able to continue its military operations in Iraq (Wolk, n. pag. ). Even if the US finally decides to pull its troops out of Iraq â€Å"within another three years, total direct and indirect costs to US taxpayers will likely by more than $400 billion†¦the total economic impact at up to $2 trillion† (Wolk, n. pag. ). Economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz (a well-known castigator of the Iraq war) claimed that the total cost of US military intervention in Iraq is a â€Å"staggering $1 trillion to $2 trillion, including $500 billion for the war and occupation and up to $300 billion in future health care costs for wounded troops† (Wolk, n. pag. ). Stiglitz added that further expenses include â€Å"a negative impact from the rising cost of oil and added interest on the national debt† (Wolk, n. pag. ). These astronomically huge sums of money came from taxes – funds that should have been diverted to basic social services such as education, health and housing. While ordinary American citizens were suffering from the economic catastrophe brought about by the Iraq war, a few individuals and corporations cahsed in on the said conflict. In 2007, Lockheed Martin (the leading weapons manufacturer in the US) had a profit increase of 22% (Scheer, n. pag. ). In the same year, the profits of its competitors Northrop Grumman and General Dynamics rose by 62% and 22%, respectively (Scheer, n. pag. ). Boeing’s profits, meanwhile, increased by 61% (Scheer, n. pag. ). Below are some personalities who were said to have also profitted from the Iraq War: a) Former US President George W. Bush, Sr. – Shareholder and former Senior Advisor in the Carlyle Group, a defense contractor with ties to the Saudi royal family and the Bin Ladens. b) Former Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci – Member of the RAND Board of Trustees and co-chair of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy Advisory Board. Also the chairman of the Carlyle Group. c) Former Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury James Baker – Former Carlyle Senior Counselor. d) White House Budget Advisor Richard Darman – Carlyle Managing Director e) US Vice President Dick Cheney – Head of Halliburton Co. , an oil enterprise that traded with Libya and Iran through foreign subsidiaries (Lynch, n. pag. ). Thanks to the hysteria brought about by the â€Å"War on Terrorism† and the Iraq war, taxpayers were swindled into funding the â€Å"War Economy† that made millionaires out of Bush and his ilk. And as long as the absurd propaganda of â€Å"The War on Terrorism† and the Iraq war continues to exist, ordinary Americans will spend their entire lives paying taxes not for basic social services, but as a â€Å"tribute† to Bush and his sort for them to be able to live like kings. Works Cited â€Å"The Oil Equation in the US Bid against Iraq. † Education for Development October 2002: 15-16. Barona, Caesar.â€Å"Technology, Power and the ‘War against Terrorism. ‘†The National Guilder July 2002: 32-33. Cline, Austin. â€Å"Economic Benefits of War. † n. d. About. com. 18 February 2008 . Lynch, Colum. â€Å"Firms Iraq Deals Greater Than Cheney Has Said. † 23 June 2001. Global Policy Forum. 19 February 2008 . Moffatt, Mike. â€Å"Are Wars Good for the Economy? † n. d. About. com 18 February 2008 .

Bend It Like Becham and Looking for Alibrandi

This term we have studied the film bend it like beck ham and the novel looking for librarian. They both explore coming of age through different experiences to mature into the person they are today. But during that process they come across similar challenges to face. Jess is from a strict Indian silks family who expectations are high for both Jess and her sister pinky. The director of bend it like Bà ©chamel explores the experiences of coming of age by showing challenges with her culture.Jess wants to play football professional but her family and culture disapproves of this idea and has to go by her parent's values. The point of view shoot from basis's perspective and the quotation † you can become a fine doctor and solicitor now † this show the expectations and values of the family and culture. Josephine goes through similar challenges where she struggles to accept her culture and not hate it. Josephine says, † I hate being Italian † this shows Josephine not liking her culture and her background. BothJosephine and Jess go through similar challenges with their culture and learning to cope with it. Throughout the film and the novel Josses and Jess have to go through challenges with their family, Josses has grown up her whole life without a dad. When her dad shows up Josses is shocked and doesn't want to see him. â€Å"We don't need him†, Josses says to her mum ,telling her she doesn't want him in her life. Through out the novel Josses has to overcome her hate she had for her dad in the past and let it go. And allow accepting him in her life.Jess might not have a new dad in her life but she sure does have family issues. Jess finds out her finals is on the same day as her sisters wedding. She has to choose between her futures of her family. She chooses family because she knows it's the right thing to do † IM not lying any more† Jess says realizing . Lying is not right and has to become more mature and choose right decisio ns. As the wedding goes on her dad saw she was upset and allowed her to go to the rest of the game on a conditions she comes back straight after.The parallel hot of pinky held up by Teeth and Jess been help up by her team and Josses learning to accept her dad represents that both girls have achieved a new mile stone in the coming of age experience. By going through the experience of coming through age Josses and Jess also go through different challenges. Jess has gender restrictions where her culture and family do not believe a girl should play football Jess ignores her culture and lies to her parent's . When her parent's find out and forbids her to play again Jess stands up to her family telling them this is my passion and what I love to do. F I can't tell you what I want now, then I will never be happy' Jess sticks up in what she wants in life even if her culture and family do not agree. Josses also goes through a harsh time when her close friend died I wonder now why I thought it John's suicide] wasn't true. Paper and could forget the next day. † This shows Josses trying to accept John has died and is never coming back. Both Josses and Jess have similar challenges to allow them to come of age thought out the novel and film but despite there similarities they also have differences as well.

Excerpt “On Nonconformity” from Shape of Content by Ben Shahn

â€Å"Nonconformity is the basic pre-condition of art, as it is the pre-condition of good thinking and therefore of growth and greatness in a people†¦conformity is derived from the wholly venal business of catering to a popular market† (The Shape of Content, Ben Shahn). This piece of writing speaks of how the general public is in love with works of art, yet at the same time loathes the artists that created them, merely for being a little different than the norm. If art was about â€Å"cookie-cutter† design, then according to the eading, we should all be living in a place similar to Soviet Russia. Yes, it is extremely important to lift up and honor the Working Man, but it is wrong to tear apart art movements due to government, religion, sex, race, creed and so on. Art is something which comes from the soul and nonconformity helps to rip these few individualists away from the so-called commoners. Nonconformists explain reality in a way in which is hardly ever describ ed properly. Truthfully.Why over so many years in history were nonconformists persecuted? Did the witch burning public run out of actual threats like invasion from a foreign country or the economy, or health care? Still the artist (nonconformist) pushes forward and creates despite the enterprise of trials and tribunals. A favored line was about a modern day politician that tried to have a design on a boat sail made illegal, yet it turned out to be a legal design created and copyrighted for the Los Angeles Yacht Club.

Bridge building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Bridge building - Essay Example However, some simple bridges are set on the ground without first installation of the supporting systems it is of importance to note that when this is done underground preparation has to be done. Every edge of the bridge is always tested to make sure that there is stability. Shoring and underpinning techniques are important to ensure that we come up with a stable bridge. For more stability, excavation of the soil as well as the backfilling of the soil is important however, it is not necessary. Piers are always laced vertically on the edges of the bridge to make sure that the bridge gets the correct support. To make these piers, we can use a range of materials ranging from masonry, steel, or concrete and to ensure that the base is stable, we have to embed it with concrete. Building the bridge When building a beam bridge, the bridge span is always made at a different place and then transported to the area where the bridge is to be made. The bridge is made by bringing together two concre te or steel girders that get support from some decking materials. To add weight, the bridges are made with grudges, which comprise solid beams and built with trusses that are webbed to provide support. A crane is then used to lift the bridge to the supports then it is welded to ensure that the bridge is firm. ... In a well made beam bridge, the forces do not exist. The main risk that may be found here is the accidental collapse of the bridge in case the bridge is not correctly placed on the supports, this leads to the bridge collapsing on the ground due to lack of support. To prevent this, ground engineers are useful in ensuring that the bridge is correctly placed on the supports. There are a number of considerations that have to be put in place to ensure that the construction is economically feasible as well as being environmentally friendly. First the bridge has to be made of materials that are not soluble in water since some of these bridges are placed above water channels and if the materials are water soluble then it will pollute the water below. We also have to weigh the costs of the materials to ensure that we use the cheapest materials that are available in the market. And all in all the workers have to know the right proportions of the materials that they are using so that there is n o wastage that occurs in the making of the bridges. Bolting The best bolting technique for this particular bridge is the shear connection method. In this type of bolting, a central plate is made to align with the central beam so that a hole is drilled inside it for the bolt to b able to get into it. To attach the shear connection, we use standard bolts shear bolts. Arch bridges Construction Construction of the arch bridge starts with the designing of the bridge. When designing, you have to have the arch and the roadway in the mind. Most of the known arches are found under the road, however it is important to know that some arches exists such that roads pass through them. All these have to be kept in mind during the design method. After the design, we have to prepare and

Feasibility Report of Licensing Agreement between Alarmz Ltd Essay

Feasibility Report of Licensing Agreement between Alarmz Ltd. (Britain) and Rio Inc. (Brazil) - Essay Example Alarmz Ltd plans to enter into a licensing agreement with a Brazilian company Rio Inc. for the purpose of manufacturing and distributing a new tamper – proof vehicle alarm. This report aims to explore the possible issues related to this licensing agreement. Issues Related to Licensing Agreement with a Brazilian Company A licensing agreement involves a number of issues that a British company needs to consider before finalizing the deal with a Brazilian Company. Prominent issues are: 1) Government Permissions A licensing agreement with a foreign company for manufacturing and distribution of a product requires initial permissions from the relevant government (Stamicarbon 2011). These permissions will authorize the licensing agreement and allow Alarmz Ltd. to transfer its technology to Rio Inc. for a definite consideration. 2) Cultural Differences Both of the participants in this licensing agreement have different cultures. These culture poses great challenges to the effective exe cution of the licensing agreement in its true spirit. 3) Legal Support and Protection Legal protection acts as a corner stone for a business. In the instance where legal protection is weak or unavailable, the business survival can be at high stakes. Therefore it is important to ensure that the protections available to Alarmz Ltd in Britain are also available in Brazil. Intellectual property protection is of greatest importance. Therefore, it is important to understand the protection that is provided to the intellectual property, the types that are protected and time taken to register the rights. 4) Employment and Labor Laws Differences The economy of a country keeps on fluctuating. The employment laws are also affected considerably (StartupOverseas 2011). Therefore, there is a risk of strike by labor unions against any government measure or legal changes. As a result of which Alarmz Ltd will have to suffer in terms of the license royalties which will be considerably varied. 5) Custo ms and Tariffs, Excise Duties and other Taxes The customs, tariffs, excise duties and other taxes define the scope of government intervention in a particular industry. In case Brazilian government has imposed higher taxes to discourage certain practices, it might affect the license agreement execution significantly. 6) Competition and Economic Barriers The existing competition in the established market can pose great challenges to Rio Inc. to undertake the license agreement successfully and make a profit. The old market players have a marked share of the market based on their hard earned goodwill and reputation. The customers recognize, accept and value the products of the established brand names in the country. They doubt any new entrants with a zero-track record of activities in their own country. When Rio Inc. will start the business of manufacturing and distribution of vehicle alarm in Brazil under the trademark of Alarmz Ltd, it may have to face problems in

IP5 elements of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IP5 elements of business - Essay Example It has also established depots in Del Rio and Carrizo Springs. L & F Distributors is one of Silver Eagle Distribution LP’s competitor in the Texas market. The company was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in McAllen Texas. By virtue of being one of the Anheuser- Busch wholesalers, L & L distributors focuses on mega brands like Bud Light, Budweiser and Michelob (L & F Distributors, 2015). Over the years, the company has grown and gone ahead to acquire rights in other cities like Laredo and Harlingen. The American beer distribution industry where Silver Eagle Distributors LP operates in serves different social and economic functions by directly or indirectly employing people while at the same time contributing to economic growth by paying taxes. The players in the industry also discharge different corporate social responsibility initiatives that are meant to enhance the wellbeing of the general public. Since it is an industry which was started in the mid-17th Century, the beer distribution industry has been subject to various legal regulations as well as political mechanizations. Legislative amendments that have affected the beer brewing industry have directly impacted on the operations of the beer distributors in the market. The sector continues to face changing taxation, distribution and consumption policies. Political lobbying for market classification has also impacted on the operations of Silver Eagle Distributors in the market. Unlike other consumer goods that can be freely sold, advertised and consumed, beer consumption and selling is controlled and regulated by different laws (Croson & Donahue, 2002). Such laws and policies affect how the players operate in the market. Silver Eagles Distributors LP adheres to the existing beer advertising and selling policies that are intended to protect the public from the negative effects of unregulated and uncontrolled consumption. The three tier alcohol

Engagement on the Social Web Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engagement on the Social Web - Assignment Example e fastest growing social technology driven platform where a small take-out restaurant can connect to millions of target customers spread within the geographic boundaries. Since Face Book is the most conveniently accessible platform therefore, there is no expense involved and it is free of time jurisdiction (Packer, 2013). Social technology driven platforms like Face book is integral in enhancing the individual’s ability to act. It is an upshot of social innovation which came into existence to serve the unmet social needs of the customers etc. the social innovation approach actually speaks of the novel ideas approved by technology in order to provide with individuals with something that fulfills their unmet demands. Social innovation approach focuses on a collaborative medium of knowledge sharing platform just like Face Book, regarded as â€Å"atomic action of collaborative media†, where people can interact and gain knowledge about whatever information is uploaded on Face Book, in masses (Medea Maimo University, 2012). Moreover customers are empowered and motivated to participate instead of top down. Since a small takeout restaurant is a grass root organization therefore SMM is the finest marketing platform where it can reach its targeted customers while communicating with them at the sa me time at minimum expense (European Commission, 2013). Packer, G., (2013, May 27).  Breezily Apocalyptic: Silicon Valley Vs. The World - CHANGE THE WORLD: Silicon Valley transfers its slogans—and its money—to the realm of politics. Retrieved  July  23, 2013, from http://breezilyapocalyptic.tumblr.com/post/51271488195/change-the-world-silicon-valley-transfers-its Medea Maimo University (2012, December 10).  Collaborative media: production, consumption and design. Retrieved  July  23, 2013, from

The Twilight of the Golds for 3 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Twilight of the Golds for 3 questions - Essay Example In the movie Twilight of the Golds, the wife of Rob Stein, Suzzane experiences cognitive dissonance. This happens when her husband through laboratory tests finds that their unborn son could likely be gay. The husband tells her to abort, and she agrees to. However, after she converses with a gay colleague, and he suffers assault; she decides not to abort. The stress that arises from the assault of the colleague makes her reconsider her decision. On one hand, she would like to abort the baby to save her marriage while, on the other hand, she feels empathy towards her unborn child by likening it to her brother David and her gay colleague. Therefore, Suzzane wants the baby, but she does not want a homosexual baby. She says that she would have preferred if the baby were handicapped rather than homosexual. She uses this excuse to justify her decision to abort the baby. She also wants to keep the baby since it is her first pregnancy, and she wants to have a child. However, the fact that her husband is willing to leave her if she brings the unborn child to term makes her want to get rid of it. Suzzane is always at a crossroad and thus experience cognitive dissonance. She is trying to balance her life on all sides and to do, so she has to eliminate or repress a path of thought to make peace with herself, but in the end, she decides to have a baby. Rationalization is a defense mechanism that allows one to make up excuses or lies to oneself and others about a particular negative experience by trying to explain why things happened the way they did. It attempts to make reality fit into one’s emotions instead of perceiving it as it really is. This mechanism usually shifts the blame, shame, or embarrassment from the one experiencing it to an outside element say a person or a situation. For example, Rob Stein is a character in the movie who practices rationalization. First, he accepts to have to perform the experimental

Global Warming Affects Biodiversity Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Affects Biodiversity Essay There has always been a link between climate change and biodiversity. As the climate changes, the animals in the affected areas have to either adjust or leave. Although climate changes have been occurring throughout history, the rapid climate changes of today are resulting in species not being able to adapt quickly enough and undergoing species loss. Some species may adapt well to the climate changes such as an increase in bugs and pests, but others, such as Arctic animals are being forced away from their homes as the glaciers that they live on melt and break away. The Arctic and areas that are in higher latitudes have a higher rate of warming and this pattern is expected to continue as climates everywhere changes and temperatures go up. As Earth warms up, the glaciers in the Arctic start to melt, and species such as the polar bear and the arctic fox that depend on the sea ice, will start to disappear and only be available for viewing in places such as zoos. The polar bear and the arctic fox are not just the only species that will be affected. The fish, birds, marine mammals, and even the algae that grows on the undersides of the glaciers will be severely impacted as the ice melts and eventually disappears all together. The climate changes do strictly impact the Arctic, but the whole world. As ice melts in the Arctic, the temperature in seas and oceans change and the salt levels change which affects the reproduction of marine species. Once this happens, Alaskan fish will be a delicacy only available for the rich and special. Also once the all the sea ice melts, the water levels will rise and much of the land bordering oceans and seas will be covered and people will be forced to relocate and adjust, just like the Arctic animals. The change in ecosystems all over the world will result in loss of food sources, jobs, natural resources, and some natural pharmaceutical products. Rising temperatures will also affect the health of humans by exposing them to more forms of disease. Cold temperatures help regulate and control the spreading of many diseases. Diseases such as malaria are likely to spread because mosquitos will not die during the winter because temperatures are slightly lower than they are in summer. Parasites that originate from sub-tropical environments may migrate to more moderate biomes and reproduce and attack there.

Health and Safety Management in Healthcare Setting

Health and Safety Management in Healthcare Setting 1.2 Assess the responsibilities in a specific health and social care workplace for the management of health and safety, in relation to organisational structures. Chief executive officers( CEO) stakeholder Manager Deputy manager Unit manger Administer Human resource nurse Housekeeper Hospitality Domestic Senior carer Care staff receptionist Activity cleaner As a CEO for a company the vision is determine and communicate organisation strategic and direction. Without direction the organisation is simply a group of people pursuing individual goals, guided by their own values. Only the CEO can accomplish the task of balancing resources the most important ones are capital and people. The CEO makes sure they are available in the appropriate numbers and at the right time for the company to succeed. Culture is the set of shared attitudes, goals, behaviours and values that describe a group. It improves how things get done at a business level and influences the entirety of the employee experience and thus the clients experience. Making good decisions is important as a new CEO is often surprised by the magnitude of issues confronting him or her. One minute the CEO is discussing a new product, or next a human resources issue. The CEO Oversee and deliver the organization performance. Everyone agrees that the CEO is ultimately responsible for a companys performance. To be successful, he or she must take an active part in motivating change. Manager responsibility is to monitor and evaluate health and safety policy and to implement new guide line. This is carry out in looking at the workplace though inspection and auditing information thought management structure .A good manager is not measured by what he does but by what he can get others to do .He often direct people in directions that they do not want to go, by getting them to do things that they would not otherwise do. A manager must be able to set a vision for his organisation and to support his staff to see the importance of that vision. In my work place it is the responsible of my manager and deputy manager for training the staffin health and safety issue as this may take place in the course of their duties.They are train in the basic regulations such as cleanliness which is important in avoiding food poisoning. In addition, ensuing that equipments are continuously kept at their selected places and there is an active procedure of disposing of waste to increases sa fety. There are security issues that can impart on reducing of hazards. For instance, all staff should be aware of hazard to reduce accident and near misses. Also as manager they make sure that staffs are train in health and safety issues in the workplace. They also involved in purchasing safety requirements and developing safety policies in the organization while making sure staff are following and carry them out in their daily activated. Deputy manager work with the manager to make sure staff or educated and that all safety policies of the organizations are followed through constant monitoring, thought audit and recording of information about each staff member .A deputy manager work with a general manager to assist in the day to day running of the organisation when the manager is not around the deputy take over the responsibility they are there to support the staff ,while carrying out there administrate dutiesand perform humanresource tasks, such as recruiting and assessing staff performance. The deputy preforms many jobs like, implementation of business procedures that help you to save time and money in the organisation by increasing efficiency. This work best with staff having a set processes to follow which help them to get more done in lest time, this will free up more time for the deputy to get back to more serous things, more than just the day to day running of the organisation if they have more competent staff .Policy and procedures can also improve the reliability and service delivery by your staff. Also assisting General Managers, Controlling cost or expenditure, maintain quality standards. Training employees, Budgeting, Preparing reports, attending meeting and Doing presentations. As employees my responsible is to follow the security policies implemented by the organization. Also report any cases of hazards or any faulty equipments to prevention any accident from happening. Nurse are responsible for their care staff who are working with them they make sure staff are flowing the policy and procedure while carry out their duties they delegate to senior staff while supervising them to follow the health and safety training they attend and make sure paperwork or up to date accrue and clear. Hospitality team make sure they are following the health and safety guideline when handle food, and the food hygiene procedure. (Food safety act 1990) Domestic and cleaners must follow the policy and procedure regarding health and safety because of the chemical they work with can be dangerous for other. COSHH is the control of substance that is hazardous to health and therefore must be lock away and only person who have control and responsibility can access it. You can prevent or reduce workers expose to hazardous. 1.3 Analyse health and safety priorities appropriate for a specific health and social care workplace Health and safety priorities in my work environment is every ones job to make sure you are safe .health and safety looks at different types of safety issues like food hygiene ,fire safety ,first aid and RIDDOR. Employers must safeguard their staff from harm the health safety and welfare of their employees and others is paramount. All accidents should be reported to my supervisor minor or major accident or injuries If there is an accident related to your work and your employee, or self-employed person working on the premises that sustain a major injury, or a member of public suffers an injury and is taken to hospital from the site of the accident this is reportable under ( RIDDOR). Or a doctor tells you have a work-related disease or condition you need to report it. But, as a self-employed person you dont need to notify immediately if you suffer a major injury on your own premises. Dangerous occurrence you will have to notify the enforcing authority if you are off work for more than three days if it is a work related illness and for disease it should be reported as soon as the doctor tells you. (RIDDOR REGULATOR1995) Reportable dangerous occurrences like if someone Collapse, explosion, fire or electrical short circuit or lifting equipment malfunction reporting information late or not at all can become a habit and this can lead to you being prosecute Safety consultants(SC): Are employed by the organization to train the employees or install equipment that can help you to deal with danger in the work place. They a provide information to the management on laws and regulations with regards to safety in the work environment. A first aid box should be fully stocked this box is green. Also a person is appointed to take charge in an emergency situation most work place have a first aider on all shift to assist staff. fire safety employer has policy and procedure for fire safety and what to do in case of a fire also ways to prevent fire and who you raise the alarm if you discover a fire in the building .how the emergency evacuation process is pre-arranged and designated area or assembles point. Why are they not following the policy and procedure did your staff understand the training was it clear ,did they get a change to ask question .where they supervise first time doing task did you give enough information on subject also are they aware of the law government the policy procedure in regard to complaint within the guideline. Is the training up to date with new guideline is the equipment up to date or they pat tested are they being encourage to follow the policy is there anything else the company can do. Are they aware if they are found in breach of the law that they can face prosecution is the company aware of what is going wrong and are they working on making it right if someone lost their life you are unable to get that person back and that would mean you will have to live with it but also paid for it with their life it could mean that someone maybe be behind bar .why they do not want to change and bully anyone who try to do the right thing. Sometime the staffs do not want to do extra work and find it hard to follow the policy and procedure of their organisation. 2.1 Analyse how information from risk assessments inform care planning for individuals and organisation decision making about policy and procedures. A 75 year old lady was admitted to smart care home for the elderly, she is diagnosed with dementia. She as loss of memory and sometimes she is confused, in the last few weeks she has fallen 3 times as this as to do with her mobility and the medication she is taking daily and what she is eating and drinking . Due to the mobility of miss G regarding the risk assessment that has been done she needs support to mobilise well, staff is responsible to make sure when she is walking she has her walking aids to support her at all times, and that there is someone with her .staff are reminded to follow the manual handling procedure when moving or handling clients. Miss G was seen by the her doctor and was referred to see an occupational health therapies team to assess her mobility to get the best aids and equipment she needs while making sure her best interest is at the heart of what you are doing, making sure she is involve as much as possible. Make sure the walk way is clear of any derbies to prevent trips and falls. Due to the facts that miss G is suffering from dementia and memory loss and get confused she find it increasing difficulty when speaking. It is important to keep communicating with her or use different method to support her. Like using picture chart with family member, charts that as picture of food and drink items. Because of the memory loss miss G tend to wander off some times and get confused and forget where she was going this lead to her feeling anxious and agitated, also new surrounding and people can cause her to be confuse so as staff we have to reassure her more as she become easily disorientated, and sometimes she can harm herself and this is others so support is needed but not restriction. Refer back to the risk assessment to safe guard client. Medication can cause different side effect she needs to have the right dosages also making sure that she is taking them. If you are concern about her having side effect like having upset stomach or nausea you must inform the doctor so her medication can be review. Staff must attended on-going training about medication, while following the correct procedure an how to administer and the storage of medication. Also monitor the wellbeing of miss G with the support of other professionals. Medication risk assessment form is there to make sure we are not overlooking risk when dealing with medication. Miss G find it difficult to Eat and Drink sometime because she forget what she was doing because of the dementia so you have to supervise her ,she do not have much of an appetite and if she is not having enough to eat it can lead to weight loss. Miss G will have to be place on a food plan to monitor her input and output ratio and a weekly weight plan to see how much weight she is losing, by fortified her meals it will help her to maintain her weight while the doctor is inform so she can be assessed by a dietician in case she need additional supplements. Personal hygiene for miss G can be changeling due to her age and the dementia as much as possible we try to explain what is happen to her .good personal hygiene have to be maintain because of infection that can accrue that can lead to her skin breaking down. When assisting miss G with personal care she find it hard and sometime she can be aggressive so too staff much assist and reassure her. Regular check should be done to prevent and relieve pressure area and skin integrity making sure we are using the correct hygiene product we can include a weekly body map to note any changes. Staff should be reminded when assisting client to maintain respect, dignity and choice. When transporting miss G to appointment she must be supported with the right equipment like wheel chair and ramp to get her an the transport and staff should attend with her. Make sure right transport is book and that miss G is ready in advance so you are not rushing her follow the policy and procedure when moving and handling. Risk assessment state that she should be accompany by at least one staff for her safety. The aim of this care plan is to make sure that miss G get the best possible care while taking in to account her rights ,choice and maintaining her independence. 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