Monday, March 9, 2020

Trading Places and Local Hero Essays

Trading Places and Local Hero Essays Trading Places and Local Hero Paper Trading Places and Local Hero Paper Essay Topic: Film Trading Places is a film about contrasting people and how different people from diverse backgrounds can adapt to new surroundings. The two main characters are Lewis Winthorpe, a well off, successful businessman and Billy-Ray Valentine, a homeless man with no money or possessions. These two characters are put into an alien environment when they trade places and live each others lives, as the result of a bet between the two brothers who own the company Winthorpe works for. Local Hero concentrates more on the contrast in physical environment. In this film MacIntire, who works for a large oil company in Texas, is sent to work in a small remote village in Scotland. The locals seem to be very relaxed and the pace of life is very slow, unlike the busy employees of the Texas oil company. The film explores how MacIntire gradually takes on the behaviour of the new culture. The film Trading Places sets the scene at the start by showing examples of the two very different worlds it is going to explore. For example: a shot of a job centre bland and busy with artificial lighting where only the backs of heads can be seen is followed by a shot of Winthorpes kitchen The butler preparing breakfast on a clean, marble surface. In the background, fresh flowers. In the film Billy-Ray Valentine is a beggar who has to think up ways of making enough money for his next meal. He tries to dupe people into believing that he is a war veteran who has lost his eyesight as well as his legs. He works hard to make people believe him so that they will give him money. He lives by his wits. Mr. Winthorpe, however, does not work hard for his money at all. He has never had to worry about where his next meal will be coming from or even what shirt he will be wearing that day. He has a butler whose job it is to do that for him. The first bit of contrast seen in this film is that of the places of work of the two main characters. Billy-Ray works on a street corner. It is very dirty. Although it is quite busy, people dont seem to pay any attention to him and try to avoid walking near him on the pavement. Winthorpes workplace is extremely diverse. It has a grand foyer, receptionists desks lining the walls, all answering phone calls, doing paperwork. As he walks through the double doors at the entrance everyone says hello to him. Good morning Mr. Winthorpe How are you Mr. Winthorpe?. His private office is also large. He has a big desk and a reclining, leather chair. The walls are faced with beautiful paintings and in the corner, there is a sofa for when he feels tired. The first sighting we get of Billy-Ray, he is dressed in rags. He has dirty clothes on, shoes with holes in and his whole appearance is grubby. Winthorpe is dressed in the complete opposite. He has a blazer with matching tie, a neatly ironed shirt, pressed trousers and polished shoes. As a result of the bet between the owners of the company that Winthorpe works for, Billy-Ray Valentine and Lewis Winthorpe change places. The owners have different opinions about what makes a man successful. One has the idea that if a person, particularly a black person, comes from a not very well off background, they will never be successful. The other has the complete opposite opinion, that no matter who you are, if you are given the opportunity to do well in life, you will. So they have a bet on it. Drugs are planted on Winthorpe and the police are informed. Winthorpe is arrested and put in jail and Billy-Ray Valentine is employed to take his place. Winthorpe loses his job, his house and his bank account, which contains a lot of money, and his car. Billy-Ray is given it all. One of the biggest differences that the characters have to cope with is the fact one has gone from being homeless to living in a mansion, while the other has gone from the mansion to a life of poverty. Billy-Rays home environment is now luxurious. He lives in a huge house with a mahogany staircase, full of valuable ornaments and paintings. He eats his meals in a grand dining room, using expensive silverware. He has long relaxing baths in a large Jacuzzi with scented bubble bath, and he sleeps in a full-sized, four-poster bed. Meanwhile Winthorpe, on being released from jail, has nowhere and is reduced to living in a one bedroom flat which is owned by someone else. Billy-Ray now has money and Winthorpe is penniless. At first Billy-Ray struggles to accept his riches walking around the house, picking up objects and putting them in his pocket to steal them. After a while he begins to realise what he now has and tells guests, that he has invited round, to watch not to spill anything on his Persian rug. Winthorpe, however, never manages to cope without money. He finds it hard at the beginning and even harder at the end. Billy-Ray manages to cope successfully in his new environment. His knowledge of people helps him to do well. Winthorpe on the other hand cannot handle not having any money or possessions. Billy-Ray now lives in a privileged world. He has to make business decisions but has no previous business experience on which to rely on. However his life on the street has given him an education of a different sort. Winthorpe however had no previous experience on which to draw. His life had not taught him to cope with poverty or even how to do everyday things. He had taken his life and money for granted. He was used to getting respect because of who he was and had not really had to earn it. He had shown that he had a very low opinion of people who lived in poverty, which was where he was now, earlier in the film when he believed that Billy-Ray had stolen his brief case. Now he is seeing things in a different light. Local Hero also has a story line where one man is put into a completely different physical environment to the one he is used to. This comedy looks at the conflict between a Texas oil company and the canny residents of a Scottish fishing village whose land is needed by the Americans for their North Sea oil base. MacIntire has to leave the hectic life of working in Texas and go and work in Scotland. In Texas he works in a large office for a large company in a concrete jungle. The city is full of giant skyscrapers towering above all. The roads are all motorways, long, overcrowded and with impatient drivers. MacIntire is used to working in a busy office along with many others. There are people always on the phone, doing paper work, with no time to stop and look at the stars. Everyone is working under pressure. But now he gets the chance to leave Texas and work in the out doors. A Scottish man, who is going to help him find his way around the area he will be staying, meets him at the airp ort. Straight away you can see a difference in the appearance of the two men. MacIntire, in a suit and tie, where as the local is wearing trousers and a polo neck jumper. MacIntire is driven to where he is going to be staying. They drive along winding roads that stretch for miles, with no sign of habitation, through picturesque valleys and over lush green hills. The sky is a blue/grey and in the far distance, the sea. The area is so serene. There are no other cars on the road and not an office block in sight. While in Scotland MacIntire stays in a small Bed and Breakfast. Next door is a small accountants office. The accountant that works in the office happens to be the same person that owns the bed and breakfast and goes from one to the other all day. MacIntire believes that the inhabitants of the fishing village dont actually know why he is there. He is lulled into believing that the slow pace of life means that the people are unable to understand the wheeling and dealing of the Texan corporation. Although relaxed, the villagers are a lot smarter than MacIntire thinks. They hold secret meetings and discuss what to do about their problem. MacIntire soon learns to like the pace of life on the island and comes to resent the interruptions from his boss in America. He spends time just walking along the beach admiring the view of the sea and looking at the stars. As the film progresses you see a change in MacIntires appearance. He begins to wear polo neck jumpers instead of shirts and ties, as you have previously seen worn by the Scottish businessmen. He starts to have a drink in the pub with the locals as if he too was a local, and all together he seems less business like. By the end of the film, MacIntire wants to stay in the peacefulness of Scotland rather than return to the busy life of Texas. I think that both of these films are effective at putting across the contrast in different lifestyles in their own ways. Trading Places has two businessmen playing God with Billy-Rays and Winthrops lives, turning them around at the drop of a hat. Local Hero shows the changes of one man, MacIntire, as he stays in an alien environment for longer periods of time. They both show individuals getting an insight into a completely different way of life outside their previous experiences, and the effect it has on them. In most cases the person has found that they actually prefer the other lifestyle to their own. Winthorpe, on the other hand, doesnt prefer his new life to the old one but I think he now appreciates how hard some people have to work for money and how easy his life was for him before.

Friday, February 21, 2020

Instrumentation System Assignment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Instrumentation System Assignment - Lab Report Example The movement is then transduced into an electrical output. Finally, the signal conditioning is needed, depending on sensor and type of application. The Bourdon tubes are example of the major types of sensing elements; they are sealed and deflect in response to any applied pressure. The Pressure gauge is a self-contained indicator used in converting the detected process pressure into proportional mechanical motion of the pointer. The pressure transducer might be a combination of the sensor element of the gauge with mechanical-to-pneumatic with a power supply or mechanical-to-electrical converter. The system might have a signal conditioner for converting the transducer signal into a proportional standardized output. Transducer’s accuracy denotes the degree of conformity or agreement of the measured value in relation to an accepted standard; usually expressed in percentage of the actual or of the full-scale reading of the instrument; for the percentage-full-scale devices, the error increases proportionally as the absolute values of the measurement drop. The repeatability the bourdons transducer refers to the closeness to agreement in a number of consecutive physical measurements of the same given variable. Linearity refers to the measurement of the wellness the transducers output increase linearly with pressure increase. Hysteresis error is a phenomenon characterized by the same pressure process resulting from different output signals dependant on whether the present pressure is approached from higher or lower pressure. Digital pressure instrument contain microprocessors that have improved the built-in diagnostic capabilities; increased their accuracy by the introduction of digital compensation that reduces the sensors’ nonlinearities; and have the capability of communicating digitally with the host device in availing different parameters. The Bourdon tube has elliptical hollow tube, when there is pressure difference between the outside and inside the

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Comparitive Studies of Enviormental Policies in China & USA Essay

Comparitive Studies of Enviormental Policies in China & USA - Essay Example These policies have become necessary because of increasing population growth rates in both countries. Presently, the population of the United States is estimated as 311, 591, 917 people whiles that of China is given as 1,344,130,000; the highest in the world (FAO, 1986). Looking at the difference, there is every justification in the fact that China would have a stricter population control policy and that is exactly what the case is. Presently, there are policies such as one-child policy, which has an aim of providing better health care to mothers and the general population by reducing the number of children each woman bears to one. There have also been birth control policies in China. In the United States however, birth control campaigns have been the major policies whiles excluding a restrictive policy like one-child per family. Consequently, China has a firmer population control policy than the United States and the understanding is in the difference in population between the two c ountries. On pollution control, analysts argue that the United States is far advanced and ahead than China. What has perhaps created the difference in significance towards the policy approaches has to do with the ideologies that both countries have in terms of modern development (Asian Development Bank, 2002). it would be observed perhaps that whereas the United States sees herself as a nation who has achieved so much in terms of development and does not have to be very pragmatic towards national development to the detriment of the environment, China sees herself as a new global perspective for development, who must take advantage of all forms of industrialization to complete her development dreams. For this reason, there are more freedoms on the use of pollutants that may eventually result in pollution in China in the name of industrialization than there is in the United States. There could therefore be very tangible policies such as air pollution regulations, US pollution control laws and regulation, and nonpoint source water pollution regulation all in the United States. Just as with pollution, the United States presents its industries and the general public with stricter policies that guide against global warming. It would be noted that some key components of pollution such as air pollution that is related to the emission of harmful carbon chemicals is directly related to global warming (Bockstael et al, 2000). This means that policies in both countries that are used to cater for air pollution could directly be related and liked to the control of global warming (Dyson, Bergkamp and Scanlon, 2004). From this direction, it could clearly be said that the United States with the Environmental Protection Agency fully in force to clamp down on all forms of air pollution and carbon emission also caters for global warming in a much vehement way than it is done in China. A clear justification of this could be seen with the liberty given to Chinese industries to buil d chimneys as precautious measures whereas in the United States it is an enforcement to do so. Both the United States and China are fast growing on the need to preserve the environment through the promotion of the use environmentally friendly energy supply. It would be seen for instance that in the United States, there is presently a policy that is fading the era of use of non-renewable energy such as gas. The use of hydropower is also being minimized as the

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Poverty in children with single parents

Poverty in children with single parents The most difficult thing is not spending enough time with my dad really. He might like expect me to phone him, but hes a parent so he should be taking care of me and phone me. If he really cared hed phone me every weekend and see how I was getting on at school, spend time with me and help me to do my course work (What Children from Single Parent Families Have to Say 13). This is what a typical child living in a single parent family might say when he feels ignored by one of his parents. This could be shocking to some people who believe that single parenthood doesnt greatly affect a childs life or attitude (McLanaham 1). But the fact is that not all children who grow up in single parent families are able to maintain a successful life, most of these children might suffer from great difficulties in making a transition to adulthood (Mather 1). These children are more vulnerable to poverty which increases the dangers of growing up in a single parent household to more than just economical o nes. Poverty might even cause an increase in the risks of dropping out of school, disconnecting from labor forces, and ending up as a thieves stuck in a room with not even a single parent aside (Mather 1). Early studies suggest that growing up with one parent had no long term effects on the child, but more recent reports show that the effects of parental breakup might sometimes extend to having the children intentionally damage their bodies and some might even commit suicide due to major psychiatric diseases (Single-parent Children at Increased Risk of Suicide). Adolescents who had grown up with only one of their parents during their childhood are twice as likely to suffer from poverty, have low academic achievements, and suffer from low levels of social and emotional well-being (McLanaham 1). Poverty is one of the main problems that most single-parent children suffer from. Unlike children living with a regular family, single-parent children usually have only one parent to provide income (Family and Community 10). Without the support of their husbands, single mothers face a difficult challenge in maintaining a stable economy for their family. These mothers have limited financial sources and cant easily afford to cover their childrens education, child care, and health care costs (Mather 2). For this reason, most of them tend to live with their parents or with other relatives to gain their financial support (Mather 2). Some of these mothers tend to find another option which is returning to school and resuming their education in order to find adequate jobs with reasonable salaries (Family and Community 10). If the father was too busy to take care of his recent family, he should at least ensure that his childs mother has a good educational rank and good job trainings to ensure that his children successfully pass to the stage of adulthood (Mather). He cant just leave everything on the mother; he has major responsibilities which he should never ignore towards a child which is in total need of both of his parents. Most parents miss the fact that their children could understand all what is going on around them; these children realize that their parent cant afford all what they need and crave for. As a result, they try to minimize their requests and stick to demanding for nothing but the necessities. In a way or another, the children become the ones nurturing their parent instead of them being the ones nurtured. These childrens parent often has no enough money to afford the cost of school trips or any extra activities which blocks any attempt of being able to build any social relationship, whats amazing and shocking at the same time about most of these children is that they rarely complain and dont ask for more than whats available (What Children from Single Parent Families Have to Say 25). Poverty could thus damage both financial and social aspects of a childs life. Many factors play important roles in the childrens development and affect the way they think and act. These factors include neighborhood characteristics, schools, and peer networks. But the most important factor which affects the childs growth is the parents themselves who provide the major source of social support in the childrens lives (Mather 1). With the mothers busy finding a way to provide income for their children, the child grows not only with a single parent but also with no parents at all, and the bad effects are thus doubled. These children always demand contact with the non-resident parent and complain about the way he/she is ignoring their presence. Their biggest concerns are the problems among their resident parent, their non-resident parent, and themselves (What Children from Single Parent Families Have to Say 13). They always think about every fight that happens and they even sometimes blame themselves. In addition to spending no time with their parents, these childre n also spend no time with their friends. The lack of money they face causes them difficulties in getting along with their peers; they feel excluded when their friends do activities that require money which they themselves dont have (What Children from Single Parent Families Have to Say 25). After having suffered from poverty at an early age, children in single parent households become more vulnerable to mental and psychiatric diseases (Single-parent children at increased risk of suicide). The simplest problems could appear as major ones in their view; they need much more care and attention than other children. But the painful fact is that not only do these children face financial poverty, but also time poverty; they repeatedly complain about how much they need attention from their parent who always comes tired from work and needs a long relaxing sleep (What children from single parent families have to say 14). These parents cant realize the fact that their supervision of their children at this stage is extremely important to enhance their well-being. This single parent has less time to monitor his/her children closely, and eventually he/she knows nothing about where his/her children are, who they are with, and what theyre doing (Why Single Parenthood Affects Children 24 ). Some of these children take advantage of this situation and commit actions like suicide in order to escape from what they think is an unbearable situation (Single-parent Children at Increased Risk of Suicide). This lack of parental monitoring terribly affects the childs behavior and causes him lots of psychological and emotional problems. Whether or not their mother was remarried, these children are susceptible to the risk of depression which increases with the increase of conflicts among their biological parents (Kawachi et al). With all the problems they are facing, single parents obviously have no time to get involved in their childrens school activities and usually have no enough money to set high academic goals for their children. These are the major factors which are well known to endanger the academic achievement of children. The more the parents are involved in their childrens school, the less are the problems that their children face in their education. With the lack of a stable educational background, these children face many difficulties in being enrolled in quality universities and eventually in finding quality jobs (Why Single Parenthood Affects Children 24). The poverty of their parents affects their educational achievements in different manners; the ones who grow up poor mostly have lower literacy rates, higher rates of dropping out of school, and even higher delinquency rates (The Causes and Consequences of Childrens Poverty). The minds of these children are often busy with their parents problems and they have no time to think about their school or about anything related to their education. They are full of nothing but psychological problems and free of academic aspirations. Most of them face difficulties in attending school and thinking about anything other than their parents divorce. With all the stress upon them, their academic achievements become less and eventually end up having them drop out of school. While going through a divorce, parents should pay close attention to their children to make sure that they face a low amount of stress. They have to make sure that their children understand very well that they will do anything to reduce the impact of divorce upon their lives (Hawkins). Anger might overcome these children and lead to severe problems at school, some of them might not be able to control their anger and engage in fights with their schoolmates because they only want someone to argue with to relief themselves; they even sometimes engage in fights with their teachers. The more the time he gets involved in fights, the less the time he spends in classroom (Hawkins). But the fact is that many children raised by single parent mothers grow up to be quite successful. These children are probably the ones who had responsible parents who knew how to treat their children in order to sustain a peaceful life. If this parent took his child out for dinner of even sat with him peacefully on the dinner table in an attempt to listen, his child might happily seize this chance and complain about all what hes suffering from instead of committing suicide or tearing his skin apart. One hour per day is quite enough to solve the childs social issues. As for the parent living in poverty, keep it to yourself and never complain about this problem near your children even if you have to live without many things that you are used to. When the children see their parents suffering, they might blame themselves and think that they are the reason for their parents depression. Try to find ways to afford even the simplest school trips to help your children fit into the outside wo rld and forget about living with a single parent. It would be a responsible act of the parent if he/she gives his/her childs school a visit once per week to ask about his/her academic performance and to check whether he/she is facing problems. Single-parenting is not a disaster if the parents were responsible and knew how to act.

Monday, January 20, 2020

How to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Essay -- Economics

There should be a bifurcated targeting of the housing market. The first and main target of the housing recovery needs to be the cautious restructuring of the government sponsored entities—GSE’s—Fannie Mae (FNM), Freddie Mac (FRE) and to a lesser extent FHA. Recent news headlines put the combined total mortgage market share for the FNM, FRE and FHA at seventy-two percent (72%) [i] of the entire industry. The restructuring of those three entities will be a process of dividing their combined debt into at least ten smaller portfolios which individual investors can either incorporate into the existing businesses or form entirely new businesses made up of all or any part of the portfolio(s) they purchase. Each portfolio ideally will represent no more than a 5% to 7% share of the mortgage market so that we no longer have behemoths that are â€Å"too large to fail†. Further, the government will in all likelihood have to guarantee—for a limited period of time and with expectations of profit sharing similar to that of the banking bailouts and in fact the funds the banks are now paying back could be used for the purpose of guaranteeing so as not to offend the public—part of the initial funding that the private enterprises will need and want in order to get their respective pieces of the mortgage market launched. The breakup of these three GSE’s into numerous pieces will help manage the ability of success as it is not likely that all ten pieces will fail and as smaller players are easier to manage this will help increase the likelihood for success. In order for the government to get both the best price/value for each portfolio created from the breakup each of these portfolios should have different levels of mortgage debt risk. This will incr... ...o handle or avert another crisis should one come our way in the future and to return to the tax payer the monies it has already paid to bailing out these institutions. Works Cited [i] A combined market share of 72% for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHA as indicated by Mortgage Market Note—CIRE Magazine: http://www.ciremagazine.com/article.php?article_id=307 (04/01/2009; 09/14/2009) also see the NPR report at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98285028 (12/17/2008; 09/14/2009) [ii] BretWhissel Mortgage Calculator http://www.bretwhissel.net/cgi-bin/amortize (09/14/2009) [iii] American Institute for Economic Research report http://www.aier.org/research/commentaries/583-update-on-the-house-price-trends (10/16/2008; 09/14/2009) also see the iTulip report http://www.itulip.com/housingbubblecorrection.htm (01/20/2005; 09/14/2009)

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Biopure Solution

Biopure Corporation has two new products that are Oxyglobin and Hemopure. Oxyglobin is the first new blood substitute for the veterinary market and is ready for consumer use. Hemopure is another new blood substitute for the human market and it will take two years to launch the product from now on. Ted Jacobs, vice president for Human Clinical Trials, is concerned about creating an unrealistic price expectation for Hemopure by marketing Oxyglobin before Hemopure. On the other hand, Andy Wright, vice president for Veterinary Products, believes that selling Oxyglobin has benefits for the company in terms of generating revenues for the use of launching Hemopure and learning how to market and make mistakes prior to the launch of Hemopure. Carl Rausch, the president and CEO of Biopure Corporation, has to decide if the release of Oxyglobin would be beneficial for the company without jeopardizing the potential of Hemopure. The Solution: I think that launching Oxyglobin has many benefits for the company. For this reason, I agree with Andy Wright’s decision to begin by selling Oxyglobin. Ted Jacobs indicates that the veterinary market is small and price sensitive. He also believes that if the company prices Oxyglobin around $150, it will be very difficult to price Hemopure at $800 because of the huge difference in price for the same product. I disagree with Ted Jacobs because although the production processes and physical characteristics of these two products are identical, Oxyglobin is targeted for the animal market whereas the target customer for Hemopure is the human market. Just because products are identical does not mean that the company prices separately; it is all about the supply and demand. The determining factor of price is the market itself, so Ted Jacobs thinks that Biopure can achieve the price points of $600 to $800. He can only estimate these price points based on the market price. Additionally, even though the veterinary market is small and price sensitive, being the first in any market will make a huge difference and impact the company’s reputation in a positive way if the product satisfies the needs and wants of the consumers. 84% of veterinary doctors complained about the lack of alternatives to the blood transfusion in the marketplace. I believe that this is a big opportunity for Biopure to enter the veterinary market because Oxyglobin has already passed an FDA – approval process specific to the veterinary market. If the competitors want to get a share for animal blood substitutes, they have to wait at least for two years. Waiting for Hemopure to launch both products at the same time will also put the company in a risk because of the possibility of competitors’ entrance to the veterinary market. Once Oxyglobin achieves its purpose for animals and satisfies the veterinary doctors and pet owners, the success of this product will help Biopure to easily launch Hemopure and attract the human market. The Implementation: Andy Wright and his team can have a successful launch for Oxyglobin by implementing the followings: †¢ The Pricing Strategy: Even though the surveys show that veterinarians recommend less-expensive treatments over more-expensive, 90% of pet owners are willing to be informed about all the available alternatives to treat their pets. For this reason, giving the many advantages of Oxyglobin relative to donated animal blood and being the only animal blood substitute in the market, Oxyglobin should carry a premium price of up to $200 per unit. The Distribution Strategy: Instead of making a contract with one of the distributors, Biopure should consider of distributing Oxyglobin by using its salesforces. By doing so, the company does not have to pay 20% of the selling price on a more-established product and 30% of the selling price on a new product. Since the estimated cost of distributing Oxyglobin is $10 to $15 per unit, Biopure would save money compared to the cos t of contracting with one of the distributers which would be $60 per unit.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Influence Of Religion On International Trade Essay

Introduction Today’s world economy is changing drastically and as a result trade between countries is emerging. International business is constantly growing. Culture has proven to have a huge influence on trade. Religion can be defined as a system of shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred. Religion is a system that guides people’s behaviors and influence them in the way they interact with other people and the world. Religion is one important source of a society s beliefs, attitudes, and values. It teaches people how to develop qualities such as love, peace, long-suffering, kindness, and goodness. Those qualities make them an asset to society. Religion practices also affect the way one’s can do businesses (e.g. in Europe during the Catholic holidays many days are close for business). This research paper will discuss the influence of religion on international trade and also the impact that most influential religions such as Christianity, Hind uism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Islam have on trade. Religion has a significant role international trade. It set fundamental principles and values which govern the way its adherent behave and influence their daily decisions. Examples abound of religious tenets, holidays, and practices directly impacting the way people of different faiths react to global marketing and advertising activities (Keegan Green, 2008). Religious beliefs can impact world trade in many ways. People sharing the same religiousShow MoreRelatedWhat ´s Psychic Distance? Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesAmbos, 2010, p. 195) and therefore has an impact on the success of internationalizing. There are several factors that make up psychic distance. 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International macro events are countless; they can even have an impact at a state level in the U.S. Below are a few examples of international macro events as derived from the California Department of Finance (CDOF) website â€Å"Chronology of Significant Events†: †¢ Global conflicts †¢ Foreign energy resources †¢ Foreign trade policies †¢ Foreign political events †¢ Emerging foreign national economies