Wednesday, October 2, 2019
Online Dating Essay -- essays research papers
The technology nowadays has an influence on our lives, it has affected everything in it. When this technological revolution started, we didn't expect that it would affect our emotions, and our feelings. All we expected is that technology would develop our ability to have easier life and control nature. But what really happened is that the technology started to be part of us that we can't live without. The Internet is one of the technologies which appeared in our lives, and now it is dominating our lives. The Internet is replacing many things in our lives : Email has replaced the postal services , E-shopping (e.g., ebay) is replacing regular shopping, and now you can arrange your dates and relationships on the Internet. Dating really changed in the few last years and meeting people online became not uncommon or just for young people only. But everyone now can use it to find their dates and meet new people. Love via the Internet is a hot issue which faces many Internet users, and they may have experienced a love story via the Internet. I have heard many stories from my friends and relatives which they experienced. Even, I have experienced it. I was interested in writing my third essay about love via the Internet and the opinions of the experts in this field. So I went to Fenwick library to search the databases for any articles talking about this topic. Luckily I found very few good sources. The article ââ¬Å"Love Via The Internetâ⬠[3]. The writer started the article by showing her own opinion clearly about the long distance relationships through the dating websites ââ¬Å"I'm having doubts about a long-distance relationship that started through a dating site.â⬠[3]. Then she started to give an example of a relationship via the... ...me. 8.Actually, there is a good point that mention ââ¬Å"If you are seriously looking for marriage, don't pretend you're not.â⬠9.After doing the last 8 steps and you decide to meet this person you have to make sure that you meet him or her in a public place like restaurants, parks, or coffee shops. Its better in the first meeting not to have a whole night plan which is not better at the beginning. 10.ââ¬Å"Have fun. Make lots of new friends. Don't panic or give yourself a deadline. Let love take its course.â⬠said by Jean Brandau, an expert in dating. Don't push yourself. Don't think that the Internet is the only way nowadays to find ââ¬Å" the oneâ⬠may be you will find the next person you meet at work or anywhere else is the right one for you. Love knows no boundaries. I want to say one more thing we should control the internet or any technology not to let it control us.
Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Nowadays :: Business and Management Studies
Nowadays Nowadays, analysing competition is crucial for managers in order to understand the environment in which the business evolves, its competitors (their goals, plans etc) as well as implement strategies and position their companies. They can use a wide variety of techniques, each having its strengths and weaknesses. According to Prescott and Grant (1988), to select the appropriate techniques, managers have to know the different techniques available, how they are related to each other, the focus and scope of the area and the constraints limiting the extent of analysis. To analyse competition efficiently, they have to combine some of the different techniques available as they all have a specific aim. However, there are limitations that managers have to take into consideration in order to provide a clear and effective work. This essay outlines and evaluates the main weaknesses when understanding the business environment. They vary by nature. They can come from the interpretation of the managers and from the models themselves. However, they are in relation to each other, one flaw leading to another one. When analysing competition, the starting point is to precisely define the industry the firm belongs to and its boundaries. Managers may focus on the market of their company, narrowing their definition of the industry. They then forget or less consider other segments that can change quickly and have impact on the whole industry. According to Zahra and Chaples( 1993) ââ¬Å"an effective definition of industry boundaries requires consideration of four interrelated issues: domain (where does the industry begin and end), customer group (sector to be served and their specific needs), customer functions (customer need and specific patterns) and critical technology (production, marketing and administrative system)â⬠. Each point enables to define the competition more and more precisely. In addition to these issues, managers have to take time into consideration. Reviewing their businessââ¬â¢ definition, the shape of the industry and the market over the time is crucial as industries change. Prahalad (1995) states that ââ¬Å"many industries are undergoing massive transformation. Deregulation, global excess capacity, global competition, mergers and acquisitions, changing customer expectations, technological discontinuities [â⬠¦] are changing industries, creating new industries and opening up new and large growth markets for existing businesses.â⬠For instance, chemical companies enter the pharmaceutical industry by making alliances with young biotechnology companies, not considered as a threat by the pharmaceutical companies. This change in the industry led the pharmaceutical companies to redefine the industry and its boundaries as well as their strategy. Managers need to be vigilant in identifying its competitors. A poor identification leads to a wrong positioning and a possible long time response to the different actions coming from those undetected rivals. This identification is dependent on the managersââ¬â¢ perceptions and how
Consider the theme of loneliness in the novel. How does it affect friendships and relationships? Essay
John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902. When becoming a fictional writer this area played an influential part in the settings of many of his novels. This includes the great novel ââ¬ËOf Mice and Menââ¬â¢. As a teenager the depressing scenes of the rural Californian ranches he worked on in the summer impressed on him deeply. Steinbeckââ¬â¢s best-known works go into this scene very intimately with the plight of desperately poor wanderers in search of work and money, who, despite the cruelty of their circumstances, often triumph spiritually. Of Mice and Men is set in the years just after the great depression and stock market crash of the 1930ââ¬â¢s with the dust bowl raging in the southern states. Like a lot of Americans ââ¬ËGeorgeââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËLennieââ¬â¢ were searching for work on ââ¬Ëthe ranchesââ¬â¢, in their quest to own their own land and ââ¬Ëlive of the fat of the landââ¬â¢. However, cruel and powerful forces beyond their control thwarted their quest for land and their tragedy was marked, ultimately, by steadfast compassion and love. The novel is set in the farmland of the Salinas valley. The ranch George and Lennie work on is just outside Soledad, and the countryside surrounding the ranch is described in the beginning of the book as ââ¬ËOn one side of the river the golden foothill slopes curve up to the strong and rocky Gabilan mountains, but on the valley side the water is lined with trees ââ¬â willows fresh and green with every spring,ââ¬â¢ the passage emphasises the beauty and peacefulness of the area. George and Lennie were people known as Migrant Farm Workers. These travelled the countryside between the 1880ââ¬â¢s and 1930ââ¬â¢s harvesting wheat. They earned very little each day, plus food and very basic accommodation in the outbuildings of the farms. Unemployment was very high in the 1930ââ¬â¢s so the government set up agencies to organize and send farm workers to where they were needed. George and Lennie were members of the agency ââ¬ËMurray and Readyââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ from which they got their work cards. They, like most of the migrant farm workers, were in search of ââ¬ËThe American Dreamââ¬â¢ which was to own their very own ââ¬Ëlittle house and a couple of acresââ¬â¢. One of the biggest themes in the book is loneliness. Many of the characters admit to suffering profound loneliness. George sets the tone for these confessions early in the novel when he reminds Lennie that life on the ranches is among the loneliest of lives, ââ¬Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They donââ¬â¢t belong no placeâ⬠. Candy has one companion and that is his dog, so when the dog is killed he has no one and therefore attaches himself to Georgeââ¬â¢s and Lennieââ¬â¢s dream. He does this so that he doesnââ¬â¢t become an outcast and alone. Candy still wants to carry out the dream even after Lennie accidentally kills Curleyââ¬â¢s wife, even though he knows only too well that Lennie cannot return to the life he led before. Crooks feels that he would work for free, as long as he wouldnââ¬â¢t be alone and could communicate with someone ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ A guy goes nuts if he ainââ¬â¢t got nobody. Donââ¬â¢t make no difference who the guy is, longââ¬â¢s he with youâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Curleyââ¬â¢s wife is so overwhelmed by her loneliness that she seeks friendship from other men. She intimidates all the other men except Slim because she is beautiful and because she is Curleyââ¬â¢s wife. She eventually makes friends with Lennie and confesses her loneliness to him ââ¬Å"Think I donââ¬â¢t like to talk to somebody everââ¬â¢ once in a while?â⬠Each of these characters searches for a friend, someone to help them cope with life. In the end, however, companionship of this type seems unattainable. For George, the hope of such companionship dies with Lennie, and true to his original estimation, he will go through life alone. The relationship between George and Lennie appears to be very unusual to the rest of the workers. It is clear that most of them are lonely. They all have different ways of coping with it; some remember wished-for friends with affection. Others become self sufficient and only look out for themselves making them very selfish. Crooks insists on the right to be alone even though he dislikes it. Carlson is incapable of caring for others and their feelings. This side of him is shown clearly when he bullies Candy into allowing him to shoot his ageing, smelly, rheumatic dog, ââ¬Å"He ainââ¬â¢t no good to you, Candy. Anââ¬â¢ he ainââ¬â¢t no good to himself. Whyââ¬â¢nââ¬â¢t you shoot him, Candy?â⬠The core of the novel is formed by the relationship between George and Lennie. ââ¬Å"With us it ainââ¬â¢t like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We donââ¬â¢t have to sit in no bar room blowinââ¬â¢ in our jack jusââ¬â¢ because we got no place else to go. If them other guys get in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. But not us.â⬠In Lennieââ¬â¢s view, George is the most valuable person in his life; he is not just his only friend but also a role model and his guardian. Every time Lennie does something wrong he immediately thinks how angry and disappointed George will be. He also has a child-like faith that George will always be there for him. George, even though he cares about Lennie, sees him as a constant source of frustration and aggravation and frequently speaks of how much better life would be without his care taking responsibilities; ââ¬Å"God aââ¬â¢mighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job anââ¬â¢ work, anââ¬â¢ no troubleâ⬠¦Anââ¬â¢ whatta I got,â⬠George went on furiously ââ¬Å"I got you! You canââ¬â¢t keep a job and you lose me everââ¬â¢ job I getâ⬠. However George is obviously devoted to Lennie. Georgeââ¬â¢s behaviour is motivated by the desire to protect Lennie and, eventually, obtain the farm of their dreams so they can ââ¬Å"live of the fatta the lanâ⬠. Lennieââ¬â¢s other childlike faith is that he believes they are both going to eventually settle down on the farm told to him often by George. This faith enables George to actually believe this account of their future aswell! Georgeââ¬â¢s belief in it depends on Lennie, for as soon as Lennie dies, Georgeââ¬â¢s hope for a brighter future disappears. Their companionship contrasts the loneliness that surrounds them: the loneliness of the homeless ranch worker; the loneliness of the outcast black man; the loneliness of the subjected woman; the loneliness of the old, helpless cripple; and this arouses the curiosity in the characters that they encounter, even Slim commented, ââ¬Å"It seems kinda funny a cuckoo like him and a smart little guy like you travellinââ¬â¢ together.â⬠Their friendship goes back to when they were children growing up in the same town and when Lennieââ¬â¢s Aunt Clara died George took responsibility for him. They have been together for many years and as George says, have ââ¬Å"got kinda used to each otherâ⬠. Both of them bring different advantages to the relationship; Lennieââ¬â¢s strength make them seem very attractive to potential employers who are seeking labourers. Slim says of Lennie, ââ¬Å"I never seen such a workerâ⬠¦There ainââ¬â¢t nobody can keep up with him.â⬠Lennie is also a very handy person to have around if there is a fight. George is very intelligent and organizes both of their lives. He knows how to protect Lennie from other people and dangers, although this rarely happens from the time they meet Curley and his wife. From then on Lennie just seems to go from one confrontation to another. Another reason why they stick together is that they enjoy travelling around the country with someone who cares for them. Lennie puts it well when he says; ââ¬Å"I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after youâ⬠. After losing his dog, Candy becomes very withdrawn. Steinbeck paints him as the sad, stereotyped symbol of old age, a man whose life is void of friends and hope. When the dog is dead, he feels that he has nothing and no reason for existence. However in chapter three he overhears George describing their dream farm to Lennie and he interrupts them and asks ââ¬Å"You know whereââ¬â¢s a place like that?â⬠At this point Candy reveals that he has quite a bit of money saved up which he could invest into the farm if he was allowed to. He asks George if he can come with them. After some careful thinking George agrees. Candy explains to George why he needs a place like theirs: ââ¬Å"You seen what they done to my dog tonight? They says he wasnââ¬â¢t no good to himself nor nobody else. When they can me here I wisht somebodyââ¬â¢d shoot me. But they wonââ¬â¢t do nothing like that. I wonââ¬â¢t have no place to go, anââ¬â¢ I canââ¬â¢t get no more jobsâ⬠. In chapter 4 Candy is searching for Lennie one night while all the others have gone into town. He finds him in Crooksââ¬â¢s room and he is invited in to join them. He and Lennie start a conversation about the farm. Candy is so excited that he canââ¬â¢t stop himself telling others. When Curleyââ¬â¢s wife tries to strike up a conversation with them, Candy reveals to her the dream of owning a farm. This only annoys George. When he returns, he tells them to leave immediately. In Chapter 5 the dream goes sour when Candy reveals the dead body of Curleyââ¬â¢s wife. He goes and gets George and returns to the body with him. George knows it was Lennie, as he had always feared this would happen. Candy cautiously asks George if they can still get their farm. George is silent, then says: ââ¬Å"I think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed weââ¬â¢d never do her. He usta like to hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would.â⬠All their dreams disappeared the moment Lennie killed Curleyââ¬â¢s wife. Georgeââ¬â¢s only hope now is that maybe the other workers wonââ¬â¢t want to hurt Lennie. When George leaves, Candy speaks angrily to the corpse and ââ¬Ëhis eyes are blinded with tearsââ¬â¢. He is left only with the reality of his lonely and isolated existence on the ranch. Crooks is another character who gets easily sucked into Georgeââ¬â¢s and Lennieââ¬â¢s dream of owning their own farm. When Lennie appears in the doorway of his room, Crooks turns him away, hoping to prove a point that if he, as a black man, is not allowed in white menââ¬â¢s houses, then whites are not allowed in his, ââ¬Å"I aint wanted in the bunk-house and you aint wanted in my roomâ⬠, but his desire for company ultimately wins out and he invites Lennie to sit with him. Once inside, Lennie and Crooks have a conversation in which both men seem to be talking to themselves rather than to each other. Lennie begins to talk about the rabbits but Crooks just thinks he is crazy and as Lennieââ¬â¢s dream unfolds Crooks is doubtful about it because he has seen this so many times; ââ¬Å"I seen hundreds of men come by on the road anââ¬â¢ on the ranches, with their bindles on their back anââ¬â¢ that same damn thing in their headsâ⬠¦ every damn one of ââ¬â¢emâ⬠â¢s got a little piece of land in his head. Anââ¬â¢ never a God damn one of ââ¬â¢em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Everââ¬â¢body wants a little piece of lanââ¬â¢. I read plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no landâ⬠. When Candy enters the room and he and Lennie have a conversation about the rabbits and the farm, it is revealed to Crooks that they already have much of the money needed to buy it. He tells them that he will work for them without pay if they let him live there. Perhaps what Crooks wants more than anything is a sense of belonging, to enjoy simple pleasures such as the right to enter the bunkhouse or to play cards with other men. This desire would explain why, even though he has a reason to doubt George and Lennieââ¬â¢s talk about the farm that they want to own, Crooks cannot help but ask if there might be room for him to come along and hoe in the garden. Companionship and plentiful food are both parts of Crooksââ¬â¢s dream. However his dream comes to nothing and when Curleyââ¬â¢s wife puts him in his place as a Negro, he knows nothing will change. Another character who turns out to be very lonely is Curleyââ¬â¢s wife. In the beginning of the book her purpose is to be the ââ¬Å"trampâ⬠¦tartâ⬠¦bitchâ⬠that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity. But later in the novel her complex and interesting character is revealed. When she confronts Lennie, Crooks and Candy in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind of shameless dissatisfaction with her life. Her vulnerability at this moment and later when she admits to Lennie about her dream of becoming a movie star â⬠I met a guy anââ¬â¢ he was in pitchers. Went out to the Riverside Dance Palace with him. He says he was gonna put me in the movies.â⬠makes her much more interesting than the stereotypical tart that flirted with all the other men. However it also reinforces the novelââ¬â¢s grim view of the world. In her moment of greatest vulnerability, Curleyââ¬â¢s wife seeks out even greater weaknesses in others and directs her anger towards Lennieââ¬â¢s mental disability, Candyââ¬â¢s old age and the colour of Crookââ¬â¢s skin; ââ¬Å"standinââ¬â¢ here talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs- a nigger anââ¬â¢ a dum dum and a lousy old sheepâ⬠. As a result of this constant onslaught of insults it causes Crooks to reconsider his dream of going with the others and instead live out the rest of his miserable life at this ranch where he will be tormented by many, right up until he dies. In the next chapter when Lennie is in the barn on his own and Curleyââ¬â¢s wife enters he tries to ignore her. All Curleyââ¬â¢s wife wants to do is strike up a conversation. She confesses how lonely she is because she intimidates all the other men, ââ¬Å"Why canââ¬â¢t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awfully lonely.â⬠Eventually a conversation begins and she really opens up to Lennie telling him things she hasnââ¬â¢t even told Curley: ââ¬Å"Well I ainââ¬â¢t told nobody before. Maybe I oughtnââ¬â¢ to. I donââ¬â¢ like Curley. He ainââ¬â¢t a nice fellaâ⬠¦ Couldaââ¬â¢ been in the movies, anââ¬â¢ had nice clothes ââ¬â all of them nice clothes like they wear.. Anââ¬â¢ I coulda sat in them big hotels, anââ¬â¢ had pictures took of me. When they had them previews I coulda went to them, anââ¬â¢ spoke in the radio, anââ¬â¢ iut wouldnââ¬â¢t cost me a cent because I was in the picture. Anââ¬â¢ all them nice clothes like they wear. Because this guy says I was a natural.â⬠In the end her dream is shattered at the same point George and Lennieââ¬â¢s dream is shattered; when Lennie accidentally kills her. Most of the characters in ââ¬ËOf mice and Menââ¬â¢ admit, at one point to dreaming of a different and much better life. Candy confessing that he would like to grow old not alone and owning his own farm, Curleyââ¬â¢s wife wanting to become a movie star and Crooks to be accepted in the social ladder that is life. What makes all of these dreams typically American is that they wish for flawless happiness. Georgeââ¬â¢s and Lennieââ¬â¢s dream of owning a farm is the perfect example of a typical American ideal; the dream offers them protection from the cruel and ruthless world and enables them to sustain themselves. But the journey they take awakens George and introduces to him the harsh reality he actually has. The story proves that the paradise, which the characters dream of, cannot be found on this earth. George and Lennie desperately cling to the notion that they are different from other workers who drift from ranch to ranch because, unlike others, they have a future and each other. But characters like Crooks and Curleyââ¬â¢s wife serve as cruel reminders that George and Lennie are no different from anyone who wants something of his or her own. Their perfect world is one of independence. Workers like George and Lennie have no family, no home, and very little control over their lives. This is exactly the opposite of what they want. They have to do what the boss tells them and they have little to show for it. They only own what they can carry. Therefore, this idea of having such power over their lives is a strong motivation. The connection between the characters dreams and loneliness is very strong. All Curleyââ¬â¢s wife wanted to be was an actress, she missed her chance and married, as a result she became very lonely. Crooks being Negro was always condemned to a life of loneliness but he still had a dream of what his life used to be like compared to the reality of what it was today. And Candy loosing his only true friend and companion; his dog meant that if he didnââ¬â¢t link himself to a dream he would lead a life of loneliness. As it happened his dream like everyone elseââ¬â¢s was shattered by one fatal accident. When George tells Lennie to look across the river and imagine their farm, he lets Lennie die with the hope that they will attain their dream, and attain it soon. George, who must kill Lennie, is not allowed such comfort. He must go on living knowing the failure of their dream, as well as the sadness and guiltiness of knowing that he killed his best and only true friend. George lets Lennie die with the image of their farm in his mind and in a state of complete mental happiness and calmness. But George himself must continue through life knowing that they will never reach it; ââ¬Å"I think I knowed weââ¬â¢d never do her. He usta like to hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would.â⬠The other men who come on the scene only see the half-wit who killed a woman and deserved to die. Only Slim understands Georgeââ¬â¢s tragic loss. Carlson and Curley watch Slim lead George away from the riverbank; their complete state of puzzlement is rooted more in ignorance than in heartlessness. Carlson and Curley represent the harsh conditions of a distinctly real world, a world in which the weak will always be vanquished by the strong and in which the rare, delicate bond between friends is not appropriately mourned because it is not understood.
Monday, September 30, 2019
Primary and Secondary Succession Essay
Ecosystems are environments where biotic (living) organisms and abiotic (non-living) components interact together to create a functional, complex network of nutrient and energy cycling. These balanced environments take time, sometimes many years, to develop. During the course of development, species are replaced by other species within the ecosystem, a process known as succession. Primary succession happens when species grow in locations where organisms have never previously existed. Secondary succession occurs after an ecosystem disturbance. The basic difference between primary and secondary succession is the presence of soil. When primary succession begins, soil is not present; in the case of secondary succession, soil is already in place. What occurs during primary and secondary succession? How can an ecosystem recover from a natural or man-made disaster? By examining the workings of an ecosystem and a case of primary and secondary succession, environmental scientists can find the answers to these questions. What is an Ecosystem? As stated above, an ecosystem is a place where biotic and abiotic components interact within their environment. Living parts of an ecosystem include animals and plants. These animals and plants perform roles of producers, consumers, or decomposers. According to Raven & Berg (2004), these three roles are indispensable within ecosystems. Producers provide food and oxygen, consumers create balance between producers and decomposers, and decomposers prevent accumulation of dead organisms and waste products (p. 72). Non-living components of ecosystems include soil, sun, and weather conditions. Working together, the biotic and abiotic components cycle nutrients within the ecosystem. This is vital action because without nutrients the ecosystem and its inhabitants would not survive. Where do ecosystems come from and how do they begin? The answer lies in the definition of primary succession. Primary Succession The very beginning of an ecosystem happens when primary succession occurs. After devastation from volcanism, glaciations, or sand dunes, an environmentà is devoid of soil and living organisms do not exist. From this barren emptiness, primary succession begins with a pioneer community. Raven and Berg (2004) give an example of primary succession within Glacier Bay, Alaska (p. 87). In the case at Glacier Bay, rocks remain after a glacierââ¬â¢s retreat and the pioneer community is lichens. The lichens form soil, where colonies of moss thrive. The soil condition slowly progresses to the point where grasses and ferns can grow. Eventually the soil increases enough for shrubs to grow. Thanks to primary succession, over time the emptiness of Glacier Bay becomes a forest community. Once living organisms unite with non-living components, much like what happened at Glacier Bay, a new ecosystem is born. As the example at Glacier Bay has shown, primary succession is a birthing process. On the other hand, secondary succession is similar to a re-birthing process. To see how the re-birthing process works, environmental scientists can travel to Yellowstone National Park or North Carolina. Secondary Succession What happens when an ecosystemââ¬â¢s important cycle experiences a disturbance such as from fire or human activities? Once disturbed, ecosystems proceed through periods of changes that affect their structures and functions. This process of change, known as secondary succession, occurs very quickly because soil is already present. An example of severe destruction followed by a re-birth occurred in Yellowstone National Park. As a result of the fires that burned in the park in 1988, 1.2 million acres was scorched ecosystem wide (ââ¬Å"The Great Fires of 1988â⬠, n.d.). Amazingly, secondary succession happened quickly in Yellowstone National Park and within one-year herbs and lilies covered the ground area (Raven and Berg, 2004, p. 87). Another example of secondary succession is witnessed in North Carolina where abandoned farmland progresses through almost predictable restoration stages. For the first year, the uncultivated farmland is overcome with crabgrass. The second year finds horseweed dominating the area. Since the horseweed roots strangle the horseweed seeds, the third year observations find completely different dominating species within the ecosystem. Regardless of which species dominate, the ecosystem has successfully experienced a re-birth thanks to secondary succession. Humans and Ecosystems Many scientists are trying to learn all they can about ecosystems by observing healthy, thriving ecosystems in action. Humans, even though their intentions are often good, can upset the fine balance that exists in an ecosystem. Some examples are land clearing and damming can upset the sediment yield within river systems. A local project is actively testing two hypotheses regarding trophic structure and its affect on estuaries. This project is a joint effort between many organizations including the National Science Foundation. Many scientists all over the world are attempting to find answers to questions about saving natural ecosystems. Only in this way will our Earth be able to sustain future generations. Conclusion Since the components of ecosystems all work together to sustain their environment, changes in any single part of the process, biotic or abiotic, can affect the entire ecosystem. Outside influences can also wreak havoc on an established ecosystem. These disturbances can result from natural or man-made disasters. Primary and secondary succession, although their instances of occurrence differ, both provide a type of birth and re-birth to an ecosystem. By observing and studying ecosystems, along with primary and secondary succession changes, environmental scientists can learn how to help and not harm Earthââ¬â¢s precious ecosystems. References: Bearmanââ¬â¢s Yellowstone Outdoor Adventures, (n.d.). The great fires of 1988. Retrieved June 24, 2005, from Yellowstone National Parks Year of Fire web site: http://www.yellowstone-bearman.com/yfire.html Berg, L. & Raven, P. (2004). Environment (4th edition). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Learning Goals and Their Impact on Performance
At the same time, personality and dispositional goal orientation are iintegrated through a hierarchy of goals where personality is associated with higher order goals (values), which affect intrinsic motivation. The link to performance is hypothesized through the impact of goal orientation. Under a performance orientation, individuals are less likely to increase effort when they encounter difficulty because they assume that if they do not possess the ability to solve the situation, an increased effort will do little to help. This lack of effort when facing challenge is likely to depress their performance.On the other hand, under a learning orientation, individuals will experience an adaptive pattern and they are more likely to increase effort when encountering difficulty and this effort is likely to increase performance. Short Description A model evaluates the influence of distal factors, such as culture on individuals? dispositions to adopt either learning or performance goals with p erformance. The paper presents several hypotheses on the influence of cultural dimensions, dispositional goal orientation, and individual performance.Keywords Cultural Values Goal Orientation Organizational Behaviour Human Resources 5 Goals and Performance of Global Firms Personality and Culture: Learning Goals and Their Impact on Performance of Global Firms Much research in organizational behavior has often ignored the impact of national culture on the individual (Boyacingler and Adler, 1991). This is not surprising since national cultureââ¬â¢s influence in organizational behavior occurs at such a deep level that people are not usually aware of its influences (Triandis, 1983).For example, even though it is clear that values and goals of societies differ, most theories on work motivation have been made in the US with a US perspective (Boyacingler and Adler, 1991). This may encumber the generalizability of some of these motivation theories to a global environment because, as Hofst ede (1980) affirms, even when some principles in motivation may be almost universal, the way managers implement them depend on individual differences in values and goals.These differences are determined by local conditions (Hofstede, 1980), and can be analyzed through the predominance of specific cultural dimensions. This paper contributes to fill the void of culture in many motivation theories, and considers the influence of cultural dimensions on intrinsic motivation, specifically, how cultural dimensions may influence an individualââ¬â¢s goal orientation. Culture and mid-range theoriesLytle, Brett, Barsness, Tinsley, and Janssens (1995) suggest some guidelines for the study of how culture can affect mid-range theories like goal orientation: The first step includes the development of a functional definition of culture and its dimensions, then the identification of a mid-range theory, in this case goal orientation within intrinsic motivation, and finally, the generation of speci fic hypotheses about why and how those cultural dimensions will influence goal orientation.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Analysis of Citizen Kane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Analysis of Citizen Kane - Essay Example and Orson Welles, was full of remarkable scenes and performances. It was able to deliver good narrative techniques and showed fantastic innovations in photography, editing, and sound. However, the film was linked to controversies and negative gossips. In fact, the persons behind the making of this film had received threats through intimidation, blackmail, newspaper smears, discrediting and even was subjected to FBI investigations before the day of its premiere in 1941 in New York City (ââ¬Å"Citizen Kaneâ⬠). Some watchers found the film as wonderful and extraordinary; others said it was just a mere fiction. Despite the good compliments of some, the film was accused of drawing remarkable, unflattering, and uncomplimentary parallels, not to mention the scene where Susan Alexander Kane character--how it was portrayed to real life. In addition, many did not give ââ¬Ënodââ¬â¢ to the film because it was accused of negative fictionalizing and caricaturing of certain events and i ndividuals, especially individuals like in the life of William Randolph Hearst, a prominent and powerful newspaper magnate and publisher.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Knowledge Management - Essay Example In order to efficiently control people who comprise the desired tacit knowledge, it is fundamental to take into consideration their cultural and social values, likings and dislikings, feelings and eagernessââ¬â¢s for creating new knowledge (Asian Foundation, 2008). The paper includes the recognition and analysis of knowledge management as a crucial component in organisational progression and also the importance of managing the people who deal with managing knowledge in the organization as well as the effect of wrong culture on reducing the effectiveness of knowledge management. Significance of Knowledge Management in the Organisational Context Knowledge management is one of the most critical arguments in this world of globalization. It is famous both in the industry and the information research world. In reality, an individual deals with huge amount of data and information but these do not become knowledge unless certain value is found out of it. For this reason, knowledge managem ent is required. Knowledge management deals with the processes of acquiring, creating and sharing knowledge and cultural and technical justifications that can substantiate them. Knowledge management is the collection of numerous technologies of information that are used to simplify the gathering, organizing, alteration and transformation of knowledge among employees. Knowledge management has both benefits as well as limitations. The various advantages are focused in a brief way. In every organization, there is need to find the specific knowledge which can be utilized by individualââ¬â¢s for future requirements. This would rather help to gain more knowledge in a short time frame. Besides, the other crucial aspect is the ability of all individual employees to use the organizationââ¬â¢s knowledge and... The intention of this study is knowledge management as one of the most critical arguments in this world of globalization. It is famous both in the industry and the information research world. In reality, an individual deals with huge amount of data and information but these do not become knowledge unless certain value is found out of it. For this reason, knowledge management is required. Knowledge management deals with the processes of acquiring, creating and sharing knowledge and cultural and technical justifications that can substantiate them. Knowledge management is the collection of numerous technologies of information that are used to simplify the gathering, organizing, alteration and transformation of knowledge among employees. Knowledge management has both benefits as well as limitations. The various advantages are focused in a brief way. In every organization, there is need to find the specific knowledge which can be utilized by individualââ¬â¢s for future requirements. Th is would rather help to gain more knowledge in a short time frame. Besides, the other crucial aspect is the ability of all individual employees to use the organizationââ¬â¢s knowledge and experiences in their own way so that it can be helpful in the path of life. Moreover, another significant point of concern is availability of the knowledge, at exact time and in right manner so that it can be transmitted according to the needs. Thus, knowledge management enables an organisation to gather required information for reference in any point of time by any employee.
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